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n4wind
Joined: 05 Feb 2001
Posts: 11
Location: Benicia, CA USA |
Sooty Russian kerosene cloud over San Francisco?
 Sat Mar 10, 2001 1:29 am
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Below article relating finding of a high altitude plane is interesting. We are asked to believe that Russian Rockets burn kersosene.
Ken
Sooty Russian kerosene cloud detected over California
Posted at 6:50 a.m. PST Friday, March 9, 2001
BY RANDOLPH E. SCHMID, Associated Press Writer
WASHINGTON (AP) -- A high-altitude research plane checking the skies over California discovered a cloud of sooty burned kerosene, probably produced by a Russian rocket launch nearly two weeks earlier.
It was the first time such emissions have been detected high in the stratosphere. Researchers had expected such rocket plumes to disperse in the air.
Paul A. Newman of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., said that at the Earth's surface mixing of emissions into the air occurs within a few hours. Seeing this cloud still together in the upper atmosphere after 12 days ``was a surprise to us.''
``It was a surprise it held together for so long,'' added Martin Ross, an atmospheric chemist at The Aerospace Corporation in Los Angeles. ``When we first started looking at this data we referred to it as the mystery plume.''
The cloud encounter, on April 18, 1997, is described in a paper scheduled to appear in the March 15 edition of the journal Geophysical Research Letters, published by the American Geophysical Union. The cloud has since dissipated.
``Typically, when you release a plume in the atmosphere it gets sheared out ... like stretching a wad of taffy,'' explained Newman, an atmospheric physicist. The material will get smaller and smaller until it ``will smear out to nothingness,'' he said.
He said scientists don't think such rocket emissions currently pose any hazard to the atmosphere, but studying this one gives them a good basis for estimating any threat if the number of launches should be increased significantly.
``It's a nice neat little piece of information,'' Newman said.
Ross added that ``emissions from rocket combustion do affect stratospheric chemistry, but it's an insignificant effect compared to other industrial activity.''
The chance encounter 12 miles above the California coast near San Francisco Bay disclosed a cloud more than 100 miles across but only about 100 yards thick. It was not visible to the eye, but instruments detected high concentrations of soot and sulfates of the type produced by burning kerosene rocket fuel.
After ruling out aircraft as the source of the soot, the scientists studied wind patterns to work its possible trajectory. While the data weren't perfect, researchers concluded the cloud most likely originated in one of two Russian rockets: a launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on April 6 or one from Plesetsk, Russia on April 9.
They said the air trajectories and trace gas concentrations suggest the Baikonur launch, a trip to resupply the Mir space station, was the more likely source.
``This means that the rocket's plume (traveled) more than (6,000 miles) over a 12 day period while remaining fairly intact and well-defined horizontally and vertically,'' they reported.
The researchers noted that this is the first time emissions have been observed in the stratosphere from liquid-fueled rockets, although alumina particles from large solid-fuel rocket motors have been detected in the past.
Besides Newman and Ross, the team included researchers from the University of Denver; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Raytheon Co. and Science Systems and Applications Inc.
-- Swissrose (cellier3@mindspring.com), March 09, 2001
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Jane2
Joined: 24 Jan 2001
Posts: 29
Location: * |
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Sat Mar 10, 2001 5:22 am
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I find this information extremely interesting because such a well-equipped team in their "high altitude research plane" could tell us what the ChemNazis are spewing into the atmosphere across USA.
But then of course, they already know what they themselves are spraying, don't they! In fact, it is possible that the research team was collecting data for the ChemNazis when they discovered the kerosene cloud.
Besides Newman and Ross, the team included researchers from:
--University of Denver
--NOAA
--Raytheon Co. and
--Science Systems and Applications Inc.
Raytheon is one of those tax-lubricated defense contractors which falls all over itself to keep track of what the masses are saying at the Carnicom web site. NOAA uses its tax-purchased computers to monitor Carnicom also. Yep! This gang is definitely in the "know" on the aerosol project.
Turds! |
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n4wind
Joined: 05 Feb 2001
Posts: 11
Location: Benicia, CA USA |
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Sun Mar 11, 2001 6:08 pm
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Information at this site reveals the following components are used in Russian-made rockets for fuel (so I was obviously dead wrong in my spin). But your comments were worth the post. Ken
AK-20: nitrogen tetroxide in concentrated nitric acid = 80% HN03 + 20% N204
AK-20F: nitrogen tetroxide in concentrated nitric acid = 80% HN03 + 20% N204
AK-27I: nitrogen tetroxide in concentrated nitric acid = 73% HN03 + 27% N204
AK-27P: nitrogen tetroxide in concentrated nitric acid = 73% HN03 + 27% N204
AZ-50: aerozine-50
B5H9: pentaborane
eth: ethanol
H2O2: hydrogen peroxide
HNO3: nitric acid
ker: kerosene
LCH4: liquid methane
LF2: liquid fluorine
LNG: liquid natural gas
LOX: liquid oxygen
N2H4: hydrazine
RG-1: kerosene derivative
T-1: kerosene derivative
TG-02: amine-based fuel (TG is the abbreviation of 2nd fuel of GIPKh--the State Inst. of Applied Chemistry)
TM-114: hydrocarbon fuel/kerosene
TM-185: hydrocarbon fuel/kerosene
UDMH: unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine
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Deborah
Joined: 30 Jul 2000
Posts: 731
Location: East Coast |
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Mon Mar 12, 2001 12:52 am
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Protecting the Environment--Ozone Studies
RISO (Rocket Impacts on Stratospheric Ozone)
William R. Sheldon, Ph.D., Professor, and James R. Benbrook, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Physics, UH
The University of Houston Ozone Program is proceeding along three directions: (1) investigation of ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere in the exhaust plumes of large rockets, (2) investigation of ozone depletion in the upper stratosphere at sunrise, and (3) investigation of the Earth's history based on the paleontological record and the requirement that organisms living at the Earth's surface need an ozone layer for protection from solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
The investigation of large booster rockets is part of the RISO (Rocket Impacts on Stratospheric Ozone) program in collaboration with The Aerospace Corporation and other investigators. The measurements are conducted onboard a WB57F aircraft that operates above 60,000 feet. To date, we have investigated six launches: three Titan IV's, two Space Shuttles, and one Delta. From a twilight observation we have determined that ozone destruction in a Titan plume requires daylight, an indication that photolytic processes are involved.[1] From the two daylight Titan investigations, the temporal and spatial aspects of ozone destruction in the exhaust were measured.[2]....
http://www.isso.uh.edu/publications/A9697/9697-20.html
UH PHYSICS PROFESSORS REPORT EFFECTS OF ROCKET EXHAUST ON OZONE LAYER
November 5, 1997
Two University of Houston physics professors -- part of a team supported by the U. S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) -- have measured the effects of rocket exhaust on the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer.
The November 6 journal Nature reports the team's findings that Titan IV rocket exhaust causes localized regions of ozone depletion shortly after launch, but the depletion is limited to areas less than five miles across and to durations less than two hours. The report is featured in that issue of Nature by depicting a Titan IV lift-off on the cover.
A pair of instruments developed by Dr. James Benbrook and Dr. Robert Sheldon of UH were used to measure stratospheric ozone in and around the exhaust plume wakes of two Titan IV rockets launched on May 12 and Dec. 20, 1996 from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The instruments were carried aboard a NASA WB-57F aircraft based at Ellington Field near Houston. The aircraft flew at altitudes above 60,000 feet in "figure eight" patterns through the Titan IV plumes for two hours after the launches.
"These tests were unique in that they provided the capability to compare models of atmospheric chemistry," Sheldon said. "This was an opportunity to create a perturbation in the atmosphere and measure how it changes the chemistry at that location...."
http://www.uh.edu/admin/media/nr/archives97/1197/ozone.html
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