posted 04-23-2001 09:12 AM            

Here's a picture of Neu Schwabenland, the place in Antarctica where the Nazis supposedly hid out after World War II. South is up. The lower edge of the picture is about 71 degrees south, and the longitude is somwhere near zero degrees.

If nsa's experience in the Freeform section is any guide, this should draw the attention of the board monitors, big time.

[Edited 3 times, lastly by 3T3L1 on 04-23-2001]

posted 04-23-2001 09:49 AM            

quote:

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3T3L1, I keep stumbling across veiled references to an expedition in the Antarctic, something to do with a warm-water lake under-ice. Very hush-hush.
If you've got information, I'd love to hear it...

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posted 04-23-2001 09:51 AM            

quote:

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I was watching the 'History Channel' last night, an episode of 'The Samurai and the Swastika'? I think. In it, they said that one of the last missions of the Nazis involved a U-boat carrying some large amount of uranium to Japan even as Germany was surrendering to the Allies.
If so, that's a different spin than what I've read about that U-boat that was actually heading for New Schwabenland? which is territory surrounding the entrance to the hollow earth. Maybe it's more TPTB/nazi disinfo?

Guess you all know about that Thule org/religion that Hitler was a part of that believed in something like an underworld where stars are actually cracks in the 'sky'?

And Admirals Byrds book about what he saw in Antarctica was ridiculed and then labeled as a work of fiction?

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posted 04-23-2001 10:01 AM            

All I know, Chem 11, is what nsa has said and what I've been able to find on Google. The map comes from this site: http://www.violations.dabsol.co.uk/violations.htm

When you get there, click "SEARCH." On the search line, type in Schwabenland. You will get the link "Germany and the Antarctic." Click on that and you're good to go.

[Edited 1 times, lastly by 3T3L1 on 04-23-2001]

posted 04-23-2001 10:58 AM            

Also, I didn't know that Byrd was part of that U.S. navy operation High Jump. Is all of this more part of the filtered history we never learned in school or heard about til the Internet came along?

Maybe TPTB are mostly German, (at least the ones in Antarctica?) but I'd rather think of them as Nazis since, like Nimitz and Eisenhower, I'm part German too!

posted 04-23-2001 11:02 AM            

NSA And Lake Vostok
In Antarctica
http://www.rense.com/general9/ant.htm

posted 04-23-2001 11:14 AM            

Kind of interesting, history repeating itself sort of. Hitler treated his own troops like 'cannon fodder' (they were'nt even given winter uniforms/equipment)while 'exterminating' millions of Russians. Maybe like Nazis in U.S. govt. behind the Viet Nam war used the American army to 'exterminate' millions of Asians while turning the whole thing into an American Civil War back in the states, by using the media to push the 'baby-killer' label on all American veterans! Nazis also used assassinations of American VIP's in military and media to accomplish their goals.

posted 04-23-2001 02:04 PM            

Part IV of the Robertson Panel’s report concluded, "reasonable explanations could be suggested for most sightings … By deduction and scientific method it could be induced (given additional data) that other cases might be explained in a similar manner."

The Panel also concluded that there was "no evidence of a direct threat to national security in the objects sighted" and that "the absence of any ‘hardware’ resulting from UFO sightings lends a ‘will-of-the-wisp’ nature to the ATIC problem. Although the panel members agreed that there was no evidence of direct threat from the sightings, it also agreed that dangers might be inherent from misidentification of actual enemy artifacts by defence personnel; overloading of emergency reporting channels with ‘false’ information and subjectivity of public to mass hysteria and greater vulnerability to possible enemy psychological warfare."

The Robertson Panel therefore recommended the following strategy be adopted to deal with the UFO phenomena. "The ‘debunking’ aim would result in reduction in public interest in ‘flying saucers’ which today evokes a strong psychological reaction. This education could be accomplished by mass media such (as) television, motion pictures and popular articles. Basis of such education would be actual case histories which have been puzzling at first but later explained. As is the case of conjuring tricks, there is much less stimulation if the ‘secret’ is known. Such a program should tend to reduce the current gullibility of the public and consequently their susceptibility to clever hostile propaganda. The panel noted that the general absence of Russian propaganda based on a subject with so many obvious possibilities for exploitation might indicate a possible Russian official policy."

The panel further recommended;

"a) That the national security agencies take immediate steps to strip the Unidentified Flying Objects of the special status they have been given and aura of mystery they have unfortunately acquired.

That the national security agencies institute policies on intelligence, training and public information designed to prepare the material defences and the morale of the country to recognise most promptly and to react most effectively to true indications of hostile intent or action.

We suggest that these aims may be achieved by an integrated program designed to reassure the public of the total lack of evidence of inimical forces behind the phenomena, to train personnel to recognise and reject false indications quickly and effectively, and to strengthen regular channels for the evaluation of prompt reaction to true indications of hostile measures."

This recommendation (paragraph 4a) was accepted and reflected the subsequent sceptical/debunking attitude towards UFOs since that time.

However Dr. Allen Hynek, an associate member of the Robertson Panel, expressed criticism of it later, stating: "I was dissatisfied even then with what seemed to me a most cursory examination of the data and the set minds implied by the Panel’s lack of curiosity and desire to delve deeper into the subject." (18).

Another of those interviewed by the Robertson panel, was Captain Edward Ruppelt, Chief of ATIC’s Aerial Phenomena Branch and later head of Project Blue Book.

He stated that the CIA ordered the Airforce to debunk sightings and discredit witnesses. "We’re ordered to hide sightings when possible, but if a strong report does get out, we have to publish a fast explanation – make up something to kill the report in a hurry, and also ridicule the witness, especially if we can’t find a plausible answer. We even have to discredit our own pilots." (19).

An example of ‘killing the story’ occurred on 29th July 1952 when Marine Corps photographer, Ralph C. Mayher, shot 40 feet of 16mm film of a bright object streaking over Miami in Florida, USA. Mayher contacted the Marine Air Station and later met with a Lt. Aldridge who left with the roll of film who took it to the Air Force for analysis. When Mayher later made enquiries he received a letter dated 13th April 1954 which stated "This is to advise you that a search of the ATIC files has failed to show that the Air Force has ever received the film you mentioned. It is our belief that since this film was originally submitted to a Naval Base, it must still remain with Naval Intelligence." (20). 1st Lt. R. C. White signed the letter.

Mayher then contacted the Marine Corps Air Station in Miami where he was stationed as a service photographer the night he took the film of the bright object in the sky. He received a reply dated 19th April 1954 which stated "Saucer film turned over to Air Force, July 31, 1952." (21). Colonel T. G. Ennis, Commanding Officer of the air station, sent the telegram.

Ruppelt had long since tired of official denial of the UFO phenomenon, and in his 1956 book, ‘The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects’. He scorned the ongoing quest for proof asking, "does a UFO have to land at the river entrance to the Pentagon near the Joint Chief of Staffs’ Office? Or is it proof when a ground radar station detects a UFO, sends a jet to intercept it, the pilot sees it, and locks on with his radar, only to have the UFO streak away at a phenomenal speed. Is it proof when a jet pilot fires at a UFO and sticks to his story even under the threat of court martial." (22).

Dr. David R. Saunders, a member of the 1960s University of Colorado’s UFO Committee (Condon Report) also believed the Robertson Panel Report was no more than a cover story "conceived and executed for the dual purposes of confusing foreign intelligence and reassuring the cadre of our own establishment. There is ample precedent for the use of such double and triple layers of security in connection with really important projects. For example the mere existence of the Manhattan Project was a secret, but the nature and importance of that project was an even bigger secret." (23).

Despite the Robertson Panel’s attempts to kill off the speculation, the matter could hardly rest as sightings of UFOs continued, with a hard core of UFO believers that the entire phenomenon was being covered up. The agencies themselves certainly didn’t help when trying to cast off this tag of a cover-up as a couple of well-publicised incidents in the 1950s demonstrate.

The first incident was triggered in 1955 when two elderly Chicago sisters, Mildred and Marie Maier, reported in the ‘Journal of Space Flight’ that they had tape recorded what appeared to be a radio signal from a ‘flying saucer’. It wasn’t, or at least, it probably wasn’t.

The OSI section of the CIA became interested and requested that the Scientific Contact Branch make further enquiries into the claims (24). Field officers from the Contact Division (created to collect foreign intelligence information from sources within the US) made contact with the sisters, however on examination of the tape it became apparent that the strange noises were nothing more than Morse code from a US radio station (25).

That really should have been the end of a rather innocuous incident that served little more than to add excitement to the lives of the Maier sisters who were reportedly "thrilled that the government was interested" in their story.

Yet the story did not end there, for an interested researcher, Leon Davidson, talked to the Maier sisters in 1957 about the episode. They advised him that one of the men they had talked to a Mr [Dewelt] Walker who claimed he was from the US Air Force.

Davidson then wrote to Walker, believing him to be a US Air Force Intelligence Officer from the now familiar Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and asked if the tape had been analysed at the ATIC. Walker duly replied that the tape had been forwarded to the proper authorities for evaluation however no results had been forthcoming.

Davidson began to suspect that Walker was actually a CIA officer and wrote to DCI Allen Dulles requesting information on what the tape had revealed and who Dewelt Walker actually was (26). The agency, wanting to keep Walker’s identity as a CIA agent a secret, replied that another agency within the government had analysed the tape and he would be hearing from the Air Force in due course (27). Sure enough, a few months later on 5th August, the Air Force informed Davidson that Walker "was and is an Air Force Officer" and that the tape "was analysed by another government organisation." The Air Force letter also confirmed that the signal recorded by the sisters was merely Morse code (28).

Davidson started to turn the screws when he wrote back to Dulles wanting to know the identity of the Morse operator and of the agency that had conducted the analysis. This left both the CIA and the Air Force in an impossible position. The CIA had already denied analysing the tape, but then by this time the Air Force had as well. From this it was only possible to conclude this "other government organisation" was some clandestine agency at work behind the scenes.

A CIA officer, under cover and wearing Air Force uniform, then contacted Davidson, tried to reassure him that there was no clandestine agency, and that the problem was that the Air Force had a policy that they were not in a position to disclose who was doing what. Davidson, however, continued to press for answers to his questions. Digging themselves deeper into a hole, the CIA officer then tried to claim that after a thorough check of records, the tape and notes made at the time had been destroyed to conserve file space on the grounds that the recording was known to be of US origin (29).

This was more than Davidson could stand and he accused the officer and his agency "whichever it was" of "acting like Jimmy Hoffa and the Teamster Union in destroying records which might indict them (30)."

So how did the CIA respond this time? They didn’t, merely drawing a veil of silence over the matter by declaring that any more contact with Davidson would only encourage more speculation and that they would not respond to any further communications with him again (31).

Events of the night of 22nd January 1958 added to the growing perception of a cover-up. On that evening, CBS Television presented a programme devoted to UFOs on its ‘Armstrong Circle Theater’ show. Major Donald Keyhoe, Director of NICAP (National Investigations Committee on Arial Phenomena), was invited on to the show given his sources of information from within military circles. Keyhoe was a graduate of the US Naval Academy and a former Marine Corps pilot. He was also renowned for his frequently stated view that the US Government was withholding the facts on UFOs in order to avoid widespread panic.

Several Air Force spokesmen were also due to appear on the programme, however they would only agree to do so if they were allowed to see Keyhoe’s script in advance along with an assurance that he would not deviate from it during the programme. Keyhoe (below) duly forwarded his script, only to have it returned with most of the points he wanted to make removed. Even the statement Keyhoe retained was later forbidden from being aired;

"There is an official policy, believed in the best interests of the people, not to confirm the existence of UFOs until all the answers are known. Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, former chief of Project Blue Book, has confirmed the existence of four important documents that should be noted.

"In 1948, in a ‘Top Secret’ estimate, the [Air Technical Intelligence Center] concluded that UFOs were interplanetary spaceships. In 1952, an Air Force Intelligence analysis of UFO manoeuvres brought the same conclusion… interplanetary. In January 1953 a report by a panel of top scientists at the Pentagon reached this conclusion: There is strong circumstantial evidence, but no concrete proof that UFOs are spaceships." (32).

The show did go ahead, but was not exactly the programme originally planned. After the Air Force spokesmen had reeled off a number of anecdotal stories designed to ridicule the UFO belief, Keyhoe came on for his agreed piece. However, after a few moments, he suddenly veered from the script on the teleprompter and managed to squeeze in "and now I’m going to reveal something that has never been disclosed before… for the last six months we have been working with a congressional committee investigating official secrecy about UFOs…" before the audio was cut, taking Keyhoe off air. The public never heard his planned concluding statement that "if all the evidence we have given this committee is made public in open hearings it will absolutely prove that the UFOs are real machines under intelligent control. (33)"

NICAP later received a statement from the CBS Director of Editing, Herbert A Carlborg, confirming that Keyhoe was cut off the air, but only in the interests of national security. "This programme had been carefully screened for security reasons", Carlborg wrote, "therefore it was the responsibility of this network to ensure performance that was in accordance with predetermined security standards. Any indication that there would be a deviation from the script might lead to a statement that neither this network nor the individuals on the program were authorised to release." (34).

However, the damage had been done, and the idea of a cover-up began to be securely planted in the minds of those who wanted to believe in it and others who had been more ambivalent up to that time.

Slowly, those involved in the alleged cover-up started to ‘leak’ information. Former CIA Director (1947-50) Vice Admiral Roscoe Hillenkoetter (right) decided to go public when he made the following signed statement to Congress dated 22nd August 1960:

"It is time for the truth to be brought out … behind the scenes high ranking Air Force officers are soberly concerned about the UFOs.

But through official secrecy and ridicule, many citizens are led to believe that unknown flying objects are nonsense … I urge immediate Congressional action to reduce the dangers from secrecy about unidentified flying objects (35)."

Victor Marchetti, a former Special Assistant to the Executive Director of the CIA also acknowledged the phenomenon was real in an article written for Second Look entitled ‘How the CIA Views the UFO Phenomenon.’ In this article Marchetti states "We have, indeed, been contacted – perhaps even visited – by extraterrestrial beings, and the US government, in collusion with other national powers of the Earth, is determined to keep this information from the general public (36)."

Colonel Joseph J. Bryan III, founder and first chief of the CIA’s Psychological Unit and former Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Air Force as well as aviation advisor to NATO, confirmed that information was being covered up in a letter to Donald Keyhoe dated 1960. "Information on UFOs, including sightings reports, has been and is still being officially withheld. This policy is dangerous, especially since mistaken identification of UFOs as a secret Russian attack might accidentally set off war (37)."

That the CIA does not hold a good track record on honesty and integrity is a matter of public record. Captain George Hunter White, a Narcotics agent, wrote of his CIA escapades in a letter to Dr. Sidney Gottlieb. "I toiled wholeheartedly in the vineyards because it was fun, fun, fun… where else could a red-blooded American boy lie, kill, cheat, steal, rape and pillage with the sanction and blessing of the all-highest?" (White ran ‘Operation Midnight Climax’ - a project run in the 1950s in co-operation with the CIA and the Army Chemical Corps, wherein unsuspecting male bar patrons in New York and San Francisco were given cocktails spiked with LSD, and thereafter taken by prostitutes to designated hotel rooms with their sexual acts filmed by U.S. intelligence agents from behind a two-way mirror.)

A retired agency caseworker with twenty years experience stated of his work, "I never gave a thought to legality or morality, Frankly I did what worked."

William (Wild Bill) Donovan, President Roosevelt’s Co-ordinator of Information (Appointed 11 July 1941 by Roosevelt to this post, and later as Director of Strategic Services, 13 June 1942. Placed on active duty and appointed Brigadier General in US Army, 24 March 1943; Promoted to Major General, 10 November 1944), recruited a Cornell graduate from Boston named Stanley Lovell. Lovell described his work as follows: "What I have to do is to stimulate the Peck’s Bad Boy beneath the surface of every American scientist and say to him, ‘throw all your normal law-abiding concepts out of the window. Here’s a chance to raise merry hell. Come help me raise it (38)."

Even President Truman went on record as stating about his own creation: "I think that it was a mistake. And if I’d known what was going to happen, I never would have done it … but it got out of hand … now as nearly as I can make out, those fellows in the CIA don’t just report on wars and the like, they go out and make their own and there is nobody to keep track of what they are up to. They spend billions of dollars on stirring up trouble so they will have something to report on. They’ve become … it’s become a government of all its own and all secret. They just don’t have to report to anybody … The people have got a right to know what those birds are up to. … You’ve got to keep an eye on the military at all times, and it doesn’t matter whether it’s birds in the Pentagon or the birds in the CIA (39)."

The CIA has also been linked to a number of incidents that indicate that involvement in the UFO phenomenon is a risky and unhealthy business. Consider the case of the late Dr. Morris K. Jessup, a professional astronomer and author of books on UFOs who suggested that there were UFO bases under the oceans. On 20th April 1959 he was found dead, having apparently committed suicide.

Then there was Dr. James E. McDonald, a senior physicist at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics and Professor at the Department of Meteorology, University of California. He became a speaker and writer on the subject of UFOs and was noted to be critical of the US Air Force’s handling of the situation. In an article in Saga Magazine (40) it was claimed that McDonald "privately discussed, in his last years, the possibility that alien beings were not only present on this planet but were systematically taking over top posts in the government and military."

On 13th June 1971, McDonald’s body was found in the desert north of Tucson, Arizona, having allegedly committed suicide.

Then there was Professor René Hardy, a world-renowned scientist and inventor with over 250 patents to his name in the fields of electronics, radio, television, ultrasonics and optics. His interests included Ufology and interstellar navigation.

On 12th June 1972, the Professor was found dead with a bullet in his head, and a revolver in his hand just two days, it is claimed, before he was to announce an important announcement in the field of space phenomenon (41). At his funeral, six tall men attended that no-one appeared to know and although photographs were taken of all present, these six men did not appear in the photographs (42). (Being an astronaut has also proved dangerous, with an incredibly high figure 11% of all astronauts that had worked for NASA being dead as of 31st March 1997 (43).)

Events at Maury Island also give us a clue to CIA involvement in the UFO phenomenon. Indeed the incident’s critical player, Fred Crisman had a mysterious background. It is believed that he worked for the OSS (the forerunner to the CIA) during the Second World War (40). He was also a veteran of Operation Paperclip of which more later.

Intelligence sources also confirm that he was a member of a secret fraternity of former intelligence officials. Other sources claim that he was involved in gunrunning and had strong links with organised crime; two activities which held a mutually inclusive relationship at the time.

According to FBI records on Crisman, disclosed under the Freedom of Information Act and on file at the Assassination Archives & Research Centre (AAC) in Washington, D.C., Crisman was a Captain in the Army Air Corps and had seen active service during the Second World War. From 20th March 1946 to 31st March 1947 he was employed as a ‘special investigator’ on veteran’s matters for the State of Washington.

At some point between 31st March 1947 and 21st August 1947, Crisman was either appointed as a Harbour Patrol worker, or more likely as there are no records of him in this position (although this is not to say he didn’t hold that job) he collected and sold salvage.

Crisman’s activities can then be traced to 21st August 1947 when the FBI carried out a security check on him for an unspecified position with the Atomic Energy Commission – although Crisman never took up the post according to the files. (Note: There was an alleged UFO crash on the Mexican side of the Texas/Mexican border on 6th December 1950. The object hit the ground at such high speed that very little wreckage could be found but what was found was taken to the Atomic Energy Commission.)

His life then became something of a confusing puzzle. He was involved in a government programme helping gypsies, (and it is interesting to note that some of the scientists brought to the US under Operation Paperclip had used gypsies for experimentation.) He was later listed as the president of a car lot and an official of at least half a dozen companies that could not be traced to any given addresses; he held a right-wing talk radio show on KAYE Radio in Puyallup, WA, under the pseudonym Jon Gold (the same name he used to write a semi-autobiography novel ‘Murder of a City’). He is recorded as having been an industrial psychologist for Boeing and he was a bishop in the ‘Universal Life Church’, a shady organisation which seems to have had ties with the CIA, and whose members included old Bay of Pigs veterans such as David Ferrie. (Jim Garrison, District Attorney of New Orleans, believed this ‘church’ and others was merely a front for the CIA, a theme he expanded upon in a memo he wrote to Jonathon Blackmer, an investigator for the select House Committee in the 1970s into Kennedy’s assassination.)

In 1968, Garrison, subpoenaed Fred Crisman for his investigation into President Kennedy’s death. Garrison strongly believed that Crisman was connected in some crucial way to the men Garrison was trying to indict for Kennedy’s assassination.

This subpoena identified Crisman as a radio announcer in Tacoma and its associated press release stated "Our information indicates that since the early 1960s [Crisman] has made many trips to the New Orleans and Dallas areas in connection with his undercover work for that part of the warfare industry engaged in the manufacture of what is termed, in military language, a ‘hardware’ – meaning those weapons sold to the US Government that are uniquely large and expensive (45)."

When Gary Cornwell, Bob Buras and Mike Ewing for the Select Committee on Assassinations interviewed Garrison on 11th August 1978 at his office at the Federal Courthouse in New Orleans, Garrison stated that he viewed Crisman as an important figure, who he would like to investigate further. He stated that Crisman had apparent CIA connections, as well as important right wing connections – and money.

Crisman was later interviewed for four hours by Garrison’s team. In the 95th Congress at the hearings into select committee on assassinations it was suggested that Crisman was one of the three tramps at Dealy Plaza (46).

Garrison later recorded his conclusions about Crisman in a lengthy hand-written memo to Blackmer. "I suggest the only reasonable conclusion is that he was (and probably is, if still around) [he wasn’t, having died on 10th December 1975], an operative at a deep cover level in a long-range, clandestine, intelligence mission directly (in terms of our national intelligence paranoia) related to maintaining national security… Crisman emerges as an operative at a supervisory level … acquired by the apparatus to carry out the menial jobs that are needed to push a current mission forward, a middle man - in the final analysis – between the mechanics who eliminate, and the handy men, who otherwise support a termination mission, on one hand, and the distant, far removed, deep submerged command level on the other."

Operation Paperclip did not become public knowledge until 1973, but Garrison almost compromised it when he arrested a contact of Crisman’s, Clay Shaw, on charges of conspiracy to murder President Kennedy. Major Clay Shaw, formerly of the OSS (the forerunner of the CIA), the spy who went on to become general manager of New Orleans’s International Trade Mart, an import-export concern with a number of former European war criminals on its board of Directors.

Shaw, who after the Second World War rose to deputy chief of staff at a detainment camp for Nazi POWs, met Werner von Braun after von Braun abandoned Peenemunde and travelled south to join the American forces in Germany close to the French border. Clay maintained his relationship with von Braun over the years through their mutual connection with the ‘Defence Industrial Security Command’ (DISC), an operational arm of the counterespionage division of the FBI and his involvement in Operation Paperclip.

At Shaw’s trial Garrison was unable to provide clear evidence that he had ties to the CIA, and also had his star witness, David Ferrie found dead just before he was to testify. Shaw was subsequently acquitted on 1st March 1969 by a Grand Jury. He died on 14th August 1974, in what Garrison considered mysterious circumstances.

Documents that became available in 1977 confirmed that Shaw had worked for the CIA since 1949. He had also been in business with former Nazis and European fascists involved in several CIA-supported covert operations throughout Europe. As noted above, there is strong evidence that he had been a member of the OSS, and he certainly worked for a senior OSS officer who was involved in Operation Paperclip.

It appears that Crisman and Shaw knew each other well. Certainly that is what Garrison believed. One of Garrison’s informants stated that Crisman was "the first person Clay called after being told he was in trouble." The same source claimed that Crisman "flies to New Orleans steadily. 1964, eleven times. 1965, 17 times, 199, 32 times, 1967, 24 times ... he seems to have no income and certainly spends a large sum of money on air travel."

It seems remarkable that a man who was working for the forerunner of the CIA, then a special investigator for the State of Washington, reduced to scavenging for salvage, then was almost employed by the Atomic Energy Commission (which had covert UFO connections), before becoming involved in other covert CIA activities, and later being seen as having a role in the assassination of President Kennedy, could have been an innocent bystander to the alleged UFO incident at Maury Island. More likely he used his information regarding Paperclip to get back into the covert intelligence operation. It is likely that it was Crisman who was contacting the press to alert them to Arnold’s presence and the nature of his enquiries.

UFOs continued to be reported throughout this period. Then, during the first three nights of August 1965, literally millions of people in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming and neighbouring states witnessed one of the most spectacular wave of UFO sightings ever recorded (47).

These events were not only observed in the sky, but were also tracked by radar and witnessed by jet liners. Of course the official debunking strategy was swiftly set in place: the sightings were merely "four stars in the constellation of Orion (48)." Unfortunately, this explanation was cobbled together too hastily for, as astronomers pointed out, Orion was not actually visible at that time in the Western Hemisphere. Oh.

Then the lights went out over an area of 80,000 square miles, followed by another blackout on 9th November 1965 termed the ‘Great Northeast Blackout.’ UFOs had already been reported that night over Niagara, Syracuse and Manhattan, and it was subsequently muted that this activity might have tripped the relay at the Ontario Hydro Commission (49).

In January 1966, the USAF continued to make expensive credibility mistakes. There had been a sighting of a UFO over Wanaque Reservoir in New Jersey. "A special Helicopter with a bright light on it" explained the Air Force. "A special helicopter with a bright light on it?" challenged the press. "No." The Air Force admitted, actually there hadn’t been any helicopter – let alone one with a bright light on it - in the Wanaque area that night (50).

The Air Force’s credibility continued to slump, with increasingly obscure explanations being offered for reported incidents. On one occasion on 25th March 1966 a truck driver, Frank Mannor, and his family witnessed seeing an object with pulsating lights hovering over a swamp behind their house. Patrolman Robert Hunawill arrived at the scene and confirmed that a "strange lighted object" hovered over his patrol car before joining three other "objects" moving across the swamp (51). The object was then observed by 52 independent witnesses, including a dozen police officers.

Project Blue Book sent in its top scientific advisor, Dr. J. Allen Hynek (right), to investigate. "Its swamp gas [known as ‘foxfire’]" he declared. Mannor retorted "I’m just a simple fellow, but I seen what I seen and nobody’s going to tell me different. That wasn’t no old foxfire or hulla-billusion. It was an object (52)." (Hynek later stated that this contrived explanation marked the lowest point in his career.)

This episode fuelled growing concern at all levels that the Air Force and the CIA were conspiring to conceal the truth about UFOs from the American public. One of Michigan’s state representatives in Congress, minority leader Gerald Ford, later to become President on the impeachment of Richard Nixon, returned to Washington in March 1966 and demanded a ‘full-blown’ congressional investigation of events. The ‘Christian Science Monitor’, a journal with no previous involvement in the UFO phenomena considered that the Michigan sightings had "deepened the mystery" of UFOs and it was "time for the scientific community to conduct a thorough and objective study of the ‘unexplainable’".

posted 04-23-2001 02:06 PM            

Condon, a former director of the National Bureau of Standards, had gained an impressive scientific reputation with a long association with military research projects. During the Second World War, he had served on Dr. Lyman J. Brigg’s top-secret S-1 Committee out of which the Manhattan Project developed (53). (Manhattan was the project to develop the world’s first atomic bomb.) As writer, psychologist and original member of the Condon Committee, Dr David Saunders commented:

"The public and the press knew him as one of the pioneers of experimental physics in the Unites States and as a key figure in the development of radar, the atomic bomb, and the nose cone and heat shield used on the Mercury and Gemini manned space capsules. But they knew him even better as an out-spoken critic of the federal government. His almost legendary battle with the House Un-American Activities Committee during the McCarthy era and his accusations in 1958 that the government was suppressing the truth about radioactive poisons had labelled him as a scientist who spoke the public’s language (54)."

Condon (left) was later to advise ‘Sigma XI’, an honorary scientific fraternity that he "recommended that the government get out of this business … there’s nothing in it (55)." However, this unequivocal statement was not all it seemed, for Condon went on "But I’m not supposed to reach that conclusion for another year (56)." He had made the statement before the committee’s work had even really begun.

ON 20th February 1967, Condon, together with Dr. Richard Low, Dr. David Saunders, Dr. William Price and Dr Rachford visited the CIA’s ‘National Photographic Interpretation Centre’ (NPIC) as part of their ‘investigation’. The CIA were clearly rattled by the possibility of any exposure of their UFO activities as revealed in this CIA memo dated 23rd February 1967:

"Any work performed by NPIC to assist Dr. Condon in his investigation will not be identified as work accomplished by the CIA. Dr. Condon was advised by Mr. Lundahl [NIPC Director] to make no reference to CIA in regard to his work effort. Dr. Condon stated that if he felt it necessary to obtain an official CIA comment he would make a separate distinct entry into CIA not related to contacts he has with NPIC (57)."

After the Condon Committee had concluded its work, Condon asked UFO researcher Dr. James Harder, what he would do if he were responsible for a project report that might conclude that UFOs really were a manifestation of extraterrestrial intelligence as many believed. Harder replied:

"I said that I thought there would be other issues than the scientific ones, notably international repercussions and national security. He smiled the smile of a man who sees his own opinions reflected in the opinions of others and said that he had given the matter much thought, and had decided that if the answer was to be a positive finding of ETH [Extraterrestrial hypothesis], he would not make his finding, but would take the report, in his briefcase, to the President’s Science Advisor, and have the decision made in Washington (58)."

Whatever Condon privately believed, when the voluminous report was published in 1968, it concluded, "Our general conclusion is that nothing has come from the study of UFOs in the past 21 years that has added to scientific knowledge. Careful consideration of the record as it is available to us leads us to conclude that further extensive study of UFOs probably cannot be justified in the expectation that science will be advanced thereby (59)."

This conclusion was on page one of the report and provided the soundbites for subsequent media coverage – after all, having read that unexciting conclusion, who would spend time ploughing through another 964 pages? The spin doctoring of the release of the report was award winning. It was released to the press on 8th January 1969 shortly before Richard Nixon’s presidential inauguration, for release the following day. Faced with the almost impossible task of digesting the massive report overnight, reporters asked for a summary and were referred to the above conclusion. It was therefore this conclusion that hit the deadlines and headlines.

However, the report has become a work of controversy. Even during negotiations to establish the committee at the University of Colorado, Robert Low, an academic Dean who was to co-ordinate the project for the university, was expressing concern that the association between UFOs and the university might lay it open to ridicule. Indeed, the Universities of North Carolina, University of California and Harvard had all declined to undertake the study for this very reason.

Low, however, had a proposal on how the university might take on the task but maintain respectability within the academic world. "The trick would be, I think, to describe the project so that to the public, it would appear a totally objective study, but to the scientific community, would present the image of a group of non-believers trying their best to be objective, but having an almost zero expectation of finding a saucer (60)."

Unfortunately for Low, this letter was found by a member of the Colorado Project, David Saunders, and published. He and another member of the group were subsequently fired. Saunders, however, exacted his revenge by publishing his own book entitled somewhat scathingly, ‘UFOs? Yes! Where the Condon Committee Went Wrong’. Saunders stated that Condon’s conclusion and summary were not the findings of the committee but of Condon’s own pre-existing beliefs. Saunders pointed out that the actual report concluded that a massive 30% of the ninety-one cases the Condon committee analysed remained unsolved.

The objectivity of Condon and his study was under fire even before the official report was completed. On 29th July 1968 the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics held a symposium on UFOs. Congressman William Ryan, used the forum to launch an attack on Condon and he demanded a full investigation of the entire Colorado Project (61).

Dr J. Allen Hynek and Dr. J. McDonald (the latter who, as noted above was later found dead in suspicious circumstances) also expressed their dissent of Condon, however these voices of dissent went unheard. On 17th December 1969, the then Secretary of the Air Force, Robert C. Seamans, Jr, announced that the Air Force was pulling out of the study of UFOs and that Project Blue Book was being terminated as it could no longer be justified " on the grounds of national security or in the interest of science (62)."

The US Air Force was finally officially out of the UFO business and no longer had to embarrass itself by explaining away both false and perhaps real UFO encounters.

That there was some form of cover-up going on is supported by corroborative evidence from around the world. In England in 1989 the editor of the ‘Heywood Advertiser’ revealed that following his investigations into a 1957 ‘sighting’ in Wardle, Lancashire, his newspaper was effectively silenced. "We went into [the case] very thoroughly indeed and no matter what continued to report the pros and cons of the debate for several weeks. That all came to an end when the very top man from the Ministry of Defence (below) called at our office personally, took us into a private back room and read the Official Secrets Act to us, with the warning to discontinue reporting further on that strange occurrence (63)."

When asked at a public meeting in 1963 why the British Government was trying to ‘hush up sightings of flying saucers’ the former Minister of Defence, 1959-62), Harold Watkinson, replied "Before I left the ministry I had to sign a large number of papers promising never to reveal certain facts I had learned as Minister of Defence. The subject of flying saucers may be included (64)."

Timothy Good details an incident that occurred in the early hours of 6th November 1967 on a section of the then A338 road between Avon and Sopley, Hampshire. Driver, Karl Farlow, found that the lights on his diesel truck had suddenly failed. He pulled the truck up and noticed a glowing egg shaped UFO some 15 feet wide which moved slowly across the road from the right, moved slowly to the left, then accelerated and disappeared. Shortly before the object disappeared, a Jaguar car approached from the opposite direction and its lights similarly failed, along with its engine.

After the incident the driver of the Jaguar suggested they contact the local police who duly arrived. "Mr Farlow was very frightened", Constable Roy Nineham commented. "The most startling part of his report is that his lights failed and came on again when the object he saw disappeared." The witnesses noticed that there were marks on the ground beside the road and that part of the road’s surface appeared to have melted. The police escorted Farlow and the other driver to Bournemouth police station where they were interviewed until 04.30hrs.

The following day a man from the Ministry of Defence interviewed them again at Christchurch police station. Later that day Farlow was taken back to the site of the incident by the police in order to collect his belongings from his truck. On arrival he noted a group of people investigating the site with instruments, a bulldozer levelling the ground, and a man repainting the telephone booth that the driver of the jaguar had contacted the police from. A week later, Farlow returned to find that a 200-foot stretch of the road had been completely resurfaced as if to cover all traces of evidence (65).

Following a UFO sighting that was reported in a local newspaper in the late summer of 1974, three of the four witnesses were visited one evening by someone purporting to be a ‘man from the Government’. One of the interviewees reported "We were interviewed at length separately [and] were shown different drawings of various types of UFOs… all the paper work was printed and not type-written … the papers certainly had codes which didn’t mean anything to either of us.

We were then told we had seen a UFO. But should not tell or inform the [national] media. He then produced three documents and we each signed saying that we would not. He then put his papers in a black case … I would prefer if my name was left out of it, as I fear reprisal after signing the document (66)."

Good also recounts an interview undertaken in 1981 with a man who claimed to have been working at Heathrow Air Traffic Control in September 1966 when a UFO was allegedly observed early in the morning. Good reports that "all personnel in the control tower saw the object hovering at a low altitude above the airport, at a time when there were no aircraft movements. The UFO was tracked on radar and its speed at departure was clocked art 3000mph. The Ministry of Defence was notified, and investigators allegedly arrived on the scene and told the witnesses that they had ‘seen nothing’, threatening them with charges under the Official Secrets Act if they revealed the sighting publicly (67)."

Events in the former Soviet Union are equally intriguing. On 18th October 1967 the first meeting of the UFO section of the All-Union Committee on Cosmonautics of the DOSAAF (All-Union Voluntary Society for Co-operation with Army, Navy and Air Force) took place and was attended by 400 people. Of these 400, there was a cosmonaut, eighteen scientists and astronomers and 200 qualified observers stationed throughout the country (68).

Retired Soviet Air Force Major-General Porfiri Stolyarov was elected as Chair of the Committee. On learning that there appeared to be numerous top-secret official reports on the UFO phenomena, Stolyarov requested that the Soviet Air Ministry grant the group access to them. He was advised that he could have this access but first had to get the group up and running, however was then denied access to the reports on the grounds that "this is too big a matter and you [Stolyarov] are too small (69)."

On 10th November 1967 Stolyarov and the deputy Chair, Dr Felix Zigel (left), appeared on Moscow Central Television to announce the formation of the committee. They concluded by stating "Unidentified Flying Objects are a very serious subject which we must study fully. We appeal to all viewers to send us details of any observations of strange craft seen over the territories of the Soviet Union. This is a serious challenge to science, and we need the help of all Soviet citizens (70)."

None of this appears remarkable, however subsequent events suggest a sudden change of heart of the Russian authorities. Within a few days of the broadcast the committee met with a flood of letters from the public. However within six weeks, the DOSAAF Central Section of the All-Union Committee of Cosmonautics, chaired by Army General A. L. Getman, adopted and passed a resolution on the dissolution of the UFO Section. None of the members of that Section were invited to the meeting, nor were they ever informed why the decision had been taken (71).

A journalist with the Daily Telegraph, John Miller, attempted to talk to Stolyarov about these events and visited the committee’s office in the Central House of Aviation and Cosmonautics in Moscow to that end. A secretary advised Miller that Stolyarov was out however an appointment was made for the following day. When Miller duly returned at the agreed time, there was no general, no secretary and the office was completely bare. Miller questioned a Soviet official working in the building about Stolyarov and the committee but was met with a blank "you are imagining things, comrade. Everybody knows that UFOs do not exist (72)."

Such walls of silence are not limited to the former Soviet Union. Nick Pope, former head of Sec(AS)2a, the British Ministry of Defence’s UFO investigative arm, tried to make contact with his opposite number in the United States whilst in charge of the Department. "I went through the embassies, which is the usual way to make a ‘government – to - government’ approach. I contacted the British Embassy in Washington DC and asked them on my behalf to establish contact with my opposite number… the answer came back that since Blue Book had shut down in 1969 "there was no official interest."

Some people will treat that remark with scepticism. I was certainly astonished and very surprised. I didn’t accept the answer and attacked the problem the other way round. So I made enquiries with the American Embassy in London. I felt that it was so unlikely that in the whole USA that no one would be ‘doing my job’ so to speak. I believed that they did not look in the right places. The same answer was relayed from the Embassy – ‘no opposite number in the USA.’ (73)"

So what was behind this cover-up? Its roots were probably reflected in the conclusions of the Brookings Report. This report was commissioned by NASA in 1960. It stated that if intelligent or semi-intelligent life were to be discovered in the next twenty years (from 1960) then it would probably be by radio communication (16 years later man, himself, started broadcasting into space).

The report also acknowledged that evidence of an alien presence might "be found in artifacts found on the moon or other planets."

The report noted that discovery of intelligent life elsewhere could cause civilisations on Earth to collapse, "societies sure of their own place have disintegrated when confronted by a superior society, and others have survived even though changed." The report therefore recommended that the World prepare itself mentally for the discovery of life on other planets. How could it do that? Well what better way than leakage of information and disinformation over a period of time. Perhaps exactly as has been witnessed.

The views expressed in Brooking reflected those of the CIA. As a former official stated: "Government admission that there are beings from outer space could erode the foundations of earth’s traditional power structure. Political and legal systems, religions, economic and social institutions could all soon become meaningless in the minds of the public. Civilisation as we now know it could collapse into anarchy. Such extreme conclusions are not necessarily valid, but they probably accurately reflect the fears of the ruling classes of the major nations (74)."

So how have the US authorities managed to maintain such secrecy? Undoubtedly one of the ways has been use of the "oath upon inadvertent exposure to classified security data or information which reads as follows:

"I fully understand that my inadvertent exposure to classified security data or information relating to the United States subjects me to the provisions of Title 18, sections 793-798 of the United States Code, inclusive, and, if I am subject to military jurisdiction, provisions of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. I am aware that the punishment for certain of the above references statutes can be imprisonment for any term of years or for life.

I do therefore solemnly swear or affirm that I shall never divulge, publish, or reveal, either by word, conduct or any other means, the content or substance of the classified security data or information of which I have become aware. Only written official notice of specific authorisation will release me from this obligation.

I further understand that no change in my assignment, employment, residence or citizenship will ever release me of my responsibilities under this oath, except as defined above."

As James Goodall of the 133rd Airlift Wing points out, "when you go to work at these locations, you sign away your constitutional rights. You sign a piece of paper saying that if you violate your security agreement and you discuss programmes that you are working on; without trial, without right of appeal, you’re going to go to [a] Federal Penitentiary for 20 years. That’s a real big incentive to keep your mouth shut (75)."

A clue to exactly what people had to keep their mouth shut about was provided by former astronaut Edgar Mitchell when he appeared on the Oprah Winfrey show in 1991 along with a number of other Apollo astronauts. He stated then, "I do believe that there is a lot more known about extra-terrestrial investigation than is available to the public right now [and] has been for a long time." When asked to expand upon this he stated "It’s a long, long story. It goes back to World War II when all of that happened, and [it is] highly classified stuff (76)."

Highly classified, but intriguing insofar as it uncovers a different slant to our real post-war history.

posted 04-23-2001 02:08 PM            

The object in the sky was certainly a UFO at the time, but there is no evidence to conclude it was an extraterrestrial one. The slag fragments dropped by the ‘UFO’ were identified by experts as smelter refuse. Arnold also confirmed the light metal material was only aircraft alloy, however one detail puzzled him. "There was only one unusual thing about this white metal that made us stop and wonder. On one piece that Crisman handed us we could plainly see that two parts of it had been riveted. I had never seen that type of rivet used in aircraft manufacture." The rivet in question was square. All aircraft rivets were round.

Yet at the time, scientists from Germany were entering the US as part of a relocation programme (of which more later) bringing with them alternative advanced aircraft designs and technology. As later chapters will detail, the US Navy was at the forefront of developing these craft with the German scientists, craft that appeared to resemble the popular conception of UFOs.

And the Navy certainly had a presence in the area, with a Naval Air Station on Whidbey Island, another station at Everett, a submarine base at Bangor and a Naval shipyard at Puget Sound.

Originally established in 1891 as a Naval Station, this base (right) at Puget Sound built new ships during WWI and following WWII the shipyard was engaged in an extensive programme of modernising carriers. The shipyard itself is located on the west side of Puget Sound, thirty miles from Tacoma and within miles of the McChord Air Force Base.

By 1965, the shipyard had been confirmed as having a nuclear capability. It is likely, however, that it had this capability much earlier, for history also records that in Washington State there is one of the oldest nuclear processing facilities in the world. In fact, just one month after Enrico and his team conducted the first controlled nuclear chain reaction, the leaders of the top secret ‘Manhattan Project’ chose to build the world’s first, fullscale plutonium production plants near the farming village of Hanford in Southeast Washington.

Thirty months later, Hanford produced the plutonium used for the world’s first nuclear detonation. At this Hanford Plant (the 221-B building pictured right was the second radiochemical processing facility constructed during WWII pictured in 1995), plutonium was manufactured for the Nagasaki ‘Fat man’ bomb and for many years during the Cold War weapons-grade material was produced there for America’s nuclear arsenal.

It is not improbable that the military had been dumping illegal radioactive waste from Hanford facility on Maury Island. (This would also account for Dahl’s film being foggy; as radioactivity has this effect on photographic materials) and the burn’s on Dahl’s son’s arm.

It is also now known that Fred Crisman himself was no lowly harbour master nor salvage collector. As Anthony Kimery, publisher and former organised crime investigator in Washington DC commented, Crisman "knew a lot more about the aircraft [witnesses] saw than he admitted – aircraft some intelligence sources believe were hybrids of those designed early that decade by Nazi engineers who were brought to the US under Project Paperclip."

In fact, Crisman both had strong CIA connections and was later indicted for the assassination of President Kennedy, of which more later.

This mixture of German scientists, CIA, FBI, UFOs, sabotage, deception, fantasy and fact make for the delicious but lethal cocktail known as the post-war UFO phenomenon. What is known without doubt, however, is that no-one really had any idea what was going on.

posted 04-23-2001 02:11 PM            

The fact that the Germans were developing advanced technologies during the end of the war is a matter of public record. As Sir Roy Feddon, Chief of the Technical Mission to Germany for the Ministry of Aircraft Production stated in 1945. "…I have seen enough of their designs and production plans to realise that if they (the Germans) had managed to prolong the war some months longer, we would have been confronted with a set of entirely new and deadly developments in air warfare."

Captain Ruppelt, Chief of the US Air Force Project Bluebook added in 1956, "When WWII ended, the Germans had several radical types of aircraft and guided missiles under development. The majority were in the most preliminary stages, but they were the only known craft that could even approach the performance of objects reported to UFO observers…"

Some of these German war-time technical advances were well known. The first military jet was the German Heinkel 178 that flew in 1939. In 1943 the Germans also deployed the only jet fighter to go into regular service during the war, the Messerschmitt 262. This jet could easily overtake the fastest Allied aircraft, yet fortunately Hitler ordered that these planes should be fitted as bombers rather than defensive fighters which saved Allied aircraft from devastating casualties.

Then Heinrich Focke was involved in the design of and production of the FW6, Fa223, Fa226, Fa283 and 284 models during the war. He designed a propulsion system known as the ‘turbo-shaft’, which is still used in most helicopters today. Using this technology, Focke designed this upright, vertical take-off aircraft, which was just coming off the drawing board as the war ended. At the end of each of the three long arms of this technologically advanced craft was a small jet propulsion unit. The rotating arms were used to lift the body from the ground like the blades of a helicopter.

In 1939 Focke patented a saucer-shaped craft with enclosed twin rotors described as follows: "The exhaust nozzle forked in two at the end of the engine and ended in two auxiliary combustion chambers located on the trailing edge of the wing. When fuel was added these combustion chambers would act as afterburners to provide horizontal propulsion to Focke’s design. The control at low speed was achieved by alternatively varying the power from each auxiliary combustion chamber."

Cruise missiles were also first used by the Third Reich and V-1 bombs were launched from German occupied territories across the channel into England.

The next German rocket, the V-2 proved to be the predecessor of the Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles that filled the arsenals of the former Soviet Union and US during the Cold War. This missile could travel 225 miles at five times the speed of sound and a single hit could take out a city block. The Germans also developed a rocket-powered fighter, the ME 163 and although it was never put into regular service, it was the first aircraft to fly faster than 600 miles per hour.

These then, were some of the known German advances. However there were also hints of darker technologies not fully understood. It was in 1944 that knowledge of these became public for the first time when the New York Times of 14th December reported "Floating Mystery ball is New German Weapon.

"Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, Dec 13 - A new German weapon has made its appearance on the western air front, it was disclosed today. Airmen of the American Air Force report that they are encountering silver coloured spheres in the air over German territory. The spheres are encountered either singly or in clusters. Sometimes they are semi-translucent." (1)

A typical incident was reported by a veteran pilot of the 415th Night Fighter Squadron. He was flying a mission over Hagenau, Germany on 22nd December 1944 when at 6.00am, whilst flying at an altitude of ten thousand feet, the pilot and his radar operator saw two "large orange glows" rapidly climbing towards them. "‘Upon reaching our altitude’ the pilot reported, the objects ‘levelled off and stayed on my tail.’ He went into a steep dive and the ‘glows’ followed in sharp precision. He banked as sharply as he dared and the objects followed. For two minutes the ‘lights’ stalked the fighter through several intricate manoeuvres, peeled off under perfect control, then blinked out…" (2)

The purpose of these strange objects was a mystery, for they merely followed warplanes, but apparently never opened fire or otherwise attacked them. These objects were named ‘Foo Fighters’, a term which came from a headline ‘Where There’s Feu, There’s Fire.’ Each side in the war seemed to believe that the Foo Fighters were the inventions of their enemy and several reconnaissance missions were launched to gain further information. To date, it has never been clearly established where the technology came from, and the origins of the foo-fighters remain an historical puzzle alongside the Scandinavian ghost rockets. What was clear, however, was that it wasn’t Allied technology, and that was a serious cause of concern.

Over the years fact and fiction regarding the exact nature of these advanced German technologies have become fused, however it is now clear that the Germans were developing craft that could be mistaken for what would nowadays be considered UFOs. In fact, such developments make perfect sense:

Each side during the war relied heavily on their aerial capabilities, and one sure way to disable such abilities was to take out enemy runways. Either side could have had the best air fleet on the planet, but without somewhere to take off from, such a fleet was impotent. Therefore the development of craft that did not require any runway, like Focke’s designs, could potentially alter the eventual course of the war. As it turned out, the designs were only coming on line as the war ended, but had the conflict continued, it is conceivable that these new technologies could have altered the shape of history.

However, exactly what was being developed is now less a matter of historical record, and more of an historical jigsaw, with not only pieces missing, but other pieces conceived in the minds of writers who then peddled fictitious Nazi flying saucer myths to those who chose to believe them.

Establishing fact from fiction from over fifty years ago is no easy matter, and we are forced to consider information that is largely unverifiable. Yet when pieced together a plausible story of Nazi flying disk technology does begin to emerge.

One person who made claims regarding the development of ‘flying saucers’ in Nazi Germany is former Luftwaffe Flight Captain and aircraft designer Rudolph Schriever. He claimed in 1950 that he and a small team had worked at facilities near Prague developing a saucer-type vehicle.

This story first appeared in ‘Der Spiegel’ magazine on 30th March 1950 in an article entitled ‘Untertassen-Flieger Kombination’ which stated "… Rudolph Schriever, who says engineers throughout the world experimented in the early 1940s with flying saucers, is willing to build one for the United States in six to nine months. The 40-year-old Prague University graduate said he made blueprints for such a machine, which he calls a flying top, before Germany’s collapse and that the blueprints were stolen from his laboratory. He says the machine would be capable of 2,600mph with a radius of 4,000 miles, Schriever is a US Army driver at Bremerhaven." (3)

His claims are backed up by a 1975 Luftfahrt International Report that noted that after Shriever’s death in the late 1950s, papers found amongst his belongings revealed incomplete notes for a large flying saucer, a series of sketches of the machine and several newspaper clippings of himself and his alleged flying saucer. Up to his death, Schriever had repeatedly claimed that the UFO sightings since the end of the war were proof that his original ideas had been taken further with successful results.

Researcher Bill Rose was able to discover that Schriever was involved with other scientists Klaus Habermohl and Giuseppe Belluzzo (an Italian engineer) as well as one Dr. Walter Miethe. Rose’s research established that Miethe had been the Director of the saucer programme at two facilities located outside Prague. We know little more about Miethe’s activities at this time him but it does seem that he knew Wernher von Braun (of whom much more later) as there is a photograph of them together in 1933.

We certainly do know that one scientist, Viktor Schauberger, was involved in the production of flying disks, and that he flew one in 1945 near Prague, just as Schriever had claimed. His experimental prototypes were based on levitation. Born in 1885, Schauberger considered the natural world his greatest teacher although many in the world considered Schauberger to be somewhat deranged. In forests, alongside rivers, he studied what he considered life-enhancing energy, water and air vortices.

He argued that "Prevailing technology uses the wrong forms of motion. It is based on entropy – on motions which nature uses to break down and scatter materials. However, nature uses a different type of motion for creating order and new growth. The prevailing explosion-based technology – fuel burning and atom splitting – fills the world with expanding, heat-generating centrifugal motion." Schauberger believed that energy production could instead use inward-moving cold-generating centripetal motion, the same as nature employs to build and enliven substances. Even hydroelectric power plants, Schauberger said, use a destructive motion – they pressure water and chop it through turbines. The result is ‘dead water’. He built suction turbines that he considered enlivened and invigorated, resulting in clean, life-giving water downstream.

Schauberger also produced electrical power from a unique suction turbine using implosion principles and was later pressured into developing a propulsion system using the same principles applied to air.

His work came to Hitler’s attention and his son (left) recounts the meeting between his father and Hitler: "In June of 1934 my father was invited by the Reich’s Chancellor Adolph Hitler to discuss his work. Hitler wanted to know about his discoveries and talk about the various possibilities and what his great plan was. And he said ‘yes, I’m looking for a new technology that must once again harmonise with the natural order of things and that is my real programme.’

"Shortly before the meeting, Hitler as Reich Chancellor gave the two deputies his orders. The two had come to discuss Herman Goering’s plan. And he said ‘Viktor Schauberger, you will speak with the two Reich’s deputies and tomorrow or by the latest the day after tomorrow a second meeting will take place. And he said to the two deputies ‘I find the plan fascinating. Yes, we Germans will bring about a whole new science.’" (4)

Hitler wanted Schauberger to supervise the building of a new flying craft that could levitate without burning any fuel. This idea for this new craft was based upon a discovery made by Schauberger a few years before of how to develop a low-pressure zone at the atomic level. The scientist claimed to have achieved this in a laboratory setting when his prototype whirled air or water ‘radically and axially’ at a falling temperature. Schauberger named this resulting force as ‘diamagnetic levitation power’ and noted that nature already used this direct or ‘reactionary’ suction force in weather generation, solar fusion stability etc.

Schauberger was given a team of scientists to help him with his work, and he insisted that these be treated as free men rather than prisoners of the Nazis. During their work, however, their research headquarters was bombed and they were all transferred to Leonstein. There they perfected the ‘flying disc’ powered by Schauberger’s turbine which rotated air into a twisting type of oscillation resulting in the build-up of immense power causing levitation. Schauberger’s prototype was then developed into a vehicle known as the Belluzzo-Schriever-Miethe Diskus, a machine built up to 22ft in diameter. These craft travelled at over 2000 km/hr and were planned to go over 4,000 km/hr. By 1945 they could reach 1300 mph and gain an altitude of 40,000 feet in less than three minutes. The craft was also noted to glow blue-green as it rose and left a silvery glow.

The Munich publication, ‘Da Neue Zeitalter’ wrote in 1956 "Viktor Schauberger was the inventor and discoverer of the new motive power, implosion, which, with the use of only air and water, generated light, heat and motion."

The publication reported that the first unmanned flying disc was tested in 1945 near Prague, that it could hover motionless in the air and could fly as fast backwards as forwards. It was also reported to have a diameter of 50 meters.

Other evidence in support of this event had appeared earlier in an interview given on 18th November 1954 to the Zurich-based ‘Tages Anzeiger’. One George Klein stated that he had witnessed a flying saucer test on 14th February 1945 and that the craft had reached a height of 30,000 foot in three minutes and could travel at hundreds of miles an hour.

In this interview, Klein gave further information regarding developments behind the disks, claiming that some of the work had taken place at Peenemunde, where the V-2 rocket was being developed and where Wernher von Braun was director. Klein also stated that the stability of the craft had been achieved by using a gyroscope; the same method used by the Von Braun-Dornberger team. The research then moved to the Mittlewerke underground facilities near Nordhausen in the Harz Mountains.

The ‘Bible’ of the story of the development of the Atomic bomb, ‘Brighter than a Thousand Suns’, also confirms these events: "The first of these flying saucers, as they were later called – circular in shape, with a diameter of some 45 yards – were built by the specialists Schriever, Habermohl and Miethe. They were first airborne on February 14th 1945, over Prague and reached in three minutes a height of nearly eight miles. They had a speed of 1250mph which was doubled in subsequent tests." (5)

That these events occurred is also supported by former CIA agent Virgil Armstrong who commented "We know that in the early parts of the war there were certain factions of the Allied forces that did not believe he had a secret weapon and it wasn’t until the Americans made much emphasis of this that they began to look at it seriously and indeed did discover that Hitler not only had a secret weapon, he had what we would call today a UFO or spacecraft.

posted 04-23-2001 02:13 PM            

"He had one already off of the drawing board and flying and it was capable of 1200 miles an hour. Vertical take-off, 90° changes, much like a helicopter, and of course was far superior to anything the Allies powers had at that time. Secondly they knew he had another craft about to be up and going it was capable of doing 2500 miles per hours, which was double the original. Not only did it have the characteristics of the original craft, but it also had a laser weapon aboard it which capable of penetrating four inches of armour. Needless to say that really spooked the allied forces into making a redemptive attempt against him and bringing him … into a state of capitulation." (6)

Bulgarian Physicist Vladimir Terziski also wrote the following about these mystery craft. "According to Renato Vesco … Germany was sharing a great deal of the advances in weaponry with their allies the Italians during the war. At the Fiat experimental facility at Lake La Garda, a facility that fittingly bore the name of Air Marshall Hermann Goering, the Italians were experimenting with numerous advanced weapons, rockets and airplanes, created in Germany. In a similar fashion, the Germans kept a close contact with the Japanese military establishment and were supplying it with many advanced weapons. I have discovered for example a photo of a copy of the manned version of the V-1 – the Reichenberg – produced in Japan by Mitsubishi. The best fighter in the world, the push-pull twin propeller Dornier-335 was duplicated at the Kawashima works."

This appears to be the extent of information that can be verified to a degree. However there is much more that ‘fits’ within the known facts, but cannot be verified independently and therefore may well be fiction portrayed as fact. That said, much of the following information does flow with the themes explored further in the subsequent chapters of this book.

Claims have also been made that Nazi Occult societies were involved in the development of such unconventional saucer craft. One such, the ‘Vril Society’ was allegedly ‘channelling’ messages from an alien civilisation in the Aldebaran solar system and planned to develop a craft that could make physical contact with the civilisation there. This may or may not be true; but there was certainly a high level of occult activity in mid-Europe at that time, and no doubt organisations did exist then with unconventional beliefs just as they do today.

Whatever the truth of this, by 1934 the Vril Society had apparently developed its first UFO shaped aircraft, known as the Vril 1, which was propelled by an anti-gravity effect. (This was the same year as Viktor Schauberger discussed his flying disk ideas with Hitler.)

The society then allegedly went on to develop this craft, and later - and again allegedly - produced the RFC-2. This craft was apparently 16 feet long and fitted with an improved propulsion system and for the first time, magnetic impulse steering. Interestingly, when in flight, it reportedly produced colour effects normally associated with UFOs.

Yet the RFC-2 was largely ignored with only the SS showing an interest in the Vril Society’s work. An inner organisation of the SS then set up its own SSE-4 department to develop new alternative technologies to ensure Germany no longer had to be dependent on external sources of energy and it began work on its own version of the RFC or Vril.

By 1939 the SS had produced the RFC-5, which it called the Haunebu 1. In August 1939 the machine made its maiden flight and proved its viability, being more than 65 foot in diameter and offering considerable storage space. By the end of 1940 the RFC-2 (Haunebu II) had entered service as a reconnaissance aircraft and there is certainly photographic evidence to support this, for example an RFC-2 was photographed near Antarctica in 1940 (see next chapter.) It should be noted that there is scant corroborative and historically verifiable information to support these claims, however the design of the Haunebu II should be noted for future reference.

Whatever their exact nature, it appears confirmed that a range of alternative design aircraft were by now either on the drawing board, hovering above the ground, or crashing into it. Some of these designs proved viable and successes were being reported. On 17th April 1945 Miethe was able to advise Hitler that the V-7 had been tested in the skies above the Baltic. This particular craft was a supersonic helicopter fitted with 12 BMW Turbo aggregate engines. During its first test it reached an altitude of 78000feet and then 80000 feet on its second test. Miethe reported that the new craft could be powered by unconventional energy sources in principle. However these new technologies were coming on-line too late, for the war was already being lost and won.

Within months the Allies and Russians had poured into central Europe, Hitler was dead and the war apparently over.

And as soon as the war was over, ghost rockets started appearing over Scandinavia and within two years ‘flying saucers’ were being reported wholesale over mainland United States.

It was no co-incidence.

After the end of the war in 1945, Russian and American intelligence teams began a hunt to track down this perceived military and scientific booty of the advanced German technology. Following the discovery of particle/laser beam weaponry in German military bases, the US War Department decided that the US must not only control this technology, but also the scientists who had helped develop it "to ensure that [America] takes full advantage of those significant developments which are deemed vital to our national security." It therefore launched a project to bring these personnel to the United States. Whilst initially publicised the nature, extent and secrecy of the project, later termed ‘Operation Paperclip’ remained classified until 1973.

The thinking behind Paperclip was exemplified in a letter Major General Hugh Knerr, Deputy Commanding General for Administration of US Strategic Forces in Europe, wrote to Lieutenant General Carl Spatz in March 1945: "Occupation of German scientific and industrial establishments has revealed the fact that we have been alarmingly backward in many fields of research, if we do not take this opportunity to seize apparatus and the brains that developed it and put this combination back to work promptly, we will remain several years behind while we attempt to cover a field already exploited."

There was however, one slight problem: It was illegal, for US law explicitly prohibited Nazi officials from immigrating to America, and as many as three-quarters of the scientists in question were allegedly committed Nazis. (Indeed as at least 1600 scientists and their dependants were taken to America under Operation Paperclip and its successor projects, it could hardly avoid including Nazis.)

However President Truman (left) decided that the national interest was paramount and that America needed the German scientists to work on America’s behalf. In fairness to Truman, he expressly ordered that anyone found to "have been a member of the Nazi party and more than a nominal participant in its activities, or an active supporter of Nazism or militarism" must be excluded from the operation.

Operation Paperclip was carried out by the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) and had two aims: Firstly, to exploit German Scientists for American research by rounding up Nazi scientists and taking them to America. and, secondly, to deny these intellectual resources to the Soviet Union (7). (The name ‘Operation Paperclip’ derived from the fact that those individuals selected to go to the United States were distinguished by paperclips on their files joining their scientific papers with regular immigration forms.(8))

The Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) then conducted background investigations on the identified scientists, and in February 1947 the Director of the JIOA, Navy Captain Bosquet Wev, submitted the first set of dossiers to the State and Justice Departments for review.

These dossiers, though, proved to be damning, with Samuel Klaus, the State Department’s representative on the JOIA Board claiming that all the scientists in the first batch were ‘ardent Nazis’. The visa requests were consequently denied. (Wev already knew those proposed had Nazi backgrounds this for in a memo dated 27th April 1948 to the Pentagon’s Director of Intelligence, he wrote "Security investigations conducted by the military have disclosed the fact that the majority of German scientists were members of either the Nazi Party or one or more of its affiliates." (9)

Wev was furious and he fired off a memo to the State Department in March 1948 warning that "the best interests of the United States have been subjugated to the efforts expended in ‘beating a dead Nazi horse’" (10).

The following month, 27th April 1948, Wev again wrote to his superiors concerned about the delays in approving the German scientists. He stated "In light of the situation existing in Europe today, it is conceivable that continued delay and opposition to the immigration of these scientists could result in their eventually falling into then hands of the Russians who would then gain the valuable information and ability possessed by these men. Such an eventuality could have a most serious and adverse effect on the national Security of the United States." (11)

By this time the Nazi Intelligence leader, Reinhard Gehlen had met with the future CIA Director (26th February 1953 – 29th November 1961), Allen Dulles (right), and they had hit it off. Gehlen was a master spy for the Nazis and had infiltrated Russia with his vast intelligence network. (In 1942 the future CIA Director Dulles had moved to Bern, Switzerland, as Head of Office of Strategic Services to negotiate with some Nazi leaders who were already convinced they were going to lose WWII and wanted a deal with the US about a possible future war with the USSR.) Dulles was not above pursuing his own agenda with the Nazis, for he had worked with many of them before the war; as a prominent New York lawyer (1926-1942 and again from 1946 to 1950)

When Gehlen surrendered to the US, he was taken to Fort Hunt, Virginia, where he and the US Army reached an agreement: his intelligence unit would work for and be funded by the US until a new German Government came into power. In the meantime, should he find a conflict between the interests of Germany and the US, he could consider German interests first (12). For almost ten years the ‘Gehlen Org’ as it became to be known, operated safely within the CIA and was virtually the CIA’s only source of intelligence on Eastern Europe. Then in 1955 it evolved into the BND (the German equivalent of the CIA) and continued to co-operate with its US counterparts.

The scientists immigration problem was then side-stepped with the dossiers being ‘cleansed’ of incriminating evidence and, as promised, Allen Dulles delivered Gehlen Org, the Nazi Intelligence Unit, to the CIA, which later opened many umbrella projects based on earlier Nazi research.

Operation Paperclip also had a part to play in events at Maury Island. Washington State, itself, was the location of several aerospace defence contractors, which were benefiting from the then secret Paperclip Operation. It was also the location of sightings in 1947 of a number of aircraft that looked suspiciously like some that had been seen on Nazi drawing boards and in the skies above Europe towards the end of the war.

The officers who attended the Maury Island incident, Davidson and Brown belonged to G-2: It was G-2’s responsibility to ensure Operation Paperclip was kept as a covert activity and provide the necessary security to achieve this. Another function of G-2 was the surveillance of anyone whose activities put Paperclip security at risk. That they were on their way to Wright-Patterson AFB with the objects Crisman had given them, was entirely logical – Wright Patterson (then Wright-Field) was the major research and development centre where many of the Nazi scientists had been taken to continue their work.

One of the most prominent of the Paperclip physicians was Hubertus Strughold, later known as the ‘father of space medicine’ and after whom the Aeromedical Library at the USAF School of Aerospace medicine was named in 1977. His April 1947 intelligence report stated "[H]is successful career under Hitler would seem to indicate that he must be in full accord with Hitler." However he was admitted under Operation Paperclip on the grounds that he was "not an ardent Nazi." (13)

Other Nazis included Klaus Barbie, the so-called ‘Butcher of Lyon’, Otto von Bolschwing, infamous for his holocaust activities and the SS Colonel, Otto Skorzeny (14). However the cleansing of the files did not always stand up to the scrutiny of time. In 1984, Arthur Rudolph, who, in 1969 had been awarded NASA’s Distinguished Service Award, left the country rather than face charges as a Nazi war criminal.

Another former alleged Nazi was Wernher Von Braun. Born on 23rd March 1912, von Braun became one of the world’s first and foremost rocket engineers and a leading authority on space travel. Born the son of Prussian aristocrats Baron Magnus and Baroness Emmy von Braun, the young Wernher (left) read Hermann Oberth’s ‘By Rocket into Planetary Space’ (De Rakete zu den Planetenaumen), and his new interest led him to later enrol at the Berlin Institute of Technology in 1930. In 1932 he received his bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering and he was then offered a grant to conduct and develop scientific investigations on liquid-fuelled rocket engines (15). Von Braun’s rocket experiments were tested at the Kummersdorf Proving Grounds, sixty miles south of Berlin, between 1932 and 1937.

Kummersdorf was the launch site of two German V-2 rockets in 1934 (16). After their launch, Braun started work on a jet-assisted take off vehicle for heavy bombers and all-rocket fighters (17) however Kummersdorf was too small for this task, and so von Braun relocated to Peenemunde on the Baltic Coast where he became director from 1937-1945. This site was then equipped with laboratories and industrial facilities to facilitate the development, production and testing of the German V-1 (Vengeance Weapon 1) and V-2, (Vengeance Weapon 2) rockets (18). It was this V-2 rocket that inflicted such heavy damage on England during the war. Von Braun was not a reluctant Nazi. Indeed, "he joined the National Socialist Aviation Corps, getting his pilot’s license in 1933, the DAF trade organisation, a hunting organisation associated with the Nazis, the air raid protection investigation, and the SS horseback riding school (19)." Von Braun’s own admissions in US Army records further show that he was a former SS Major who frequently visited the underground rocket factory where 25,000 prisoners from the concentration camp Dora had died. According to the former executive producer of CNN’s investigative unit, Linda Hunt, von Braun attended a meeting that discussed rounding up of citizens off the streets of France to be taken to Dora.

As the war entered its dying throws in 1945, von Braun ordered two men to find an abandoned mine in the Harz Mountains to hide data about the V-2s. Several large boxes were then placed in a discovered cave and von Braun sent his younger brother Magnus off on a bicycle he had borrowed from a local innkeeper to look for Allies to whom they could surrender. Von Braun and his scientific staff duly surrendered to the US Army whilst most of the production engineers were taken prisoner by the Soviets (20).

After entering America as part of Project Paperclip, on a pay of $6 a day plus lodging in a military installation, Braun worked on guided missiles for the US Army. He returned to Bavaria in 1948 to marry his second cousin and he later served as Technical Director then later Chief of the Guided Missile Development Division of Redstone Arsenal from 1950 to 1956 whilst living in Huntsville, Alabama (21). Von Braun was later appointed Director of Development Operations Division of the Army Missile Agency, which developed the Jupiter-C rocket that was to successfully launch the western’s hemisphere’s first satellite, ‘Explorer-I’ on 31st January 1958, auguring the birth of the American Space Programme (22).

Two years later von Braun and his team were transferred to NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Centre where he served as Director from July 1960 to February 1970. During the 1950s and 60s he achieved an almost celebrity status as one of Walt Disney’s experts on the ‘World of Tomorrow’. In 1970 he became NASA’s associate administrator and without him, it is unlikely that the organisation would ever have put man on the Moon.

Over a course of twenty years, von Braun received approximately 25 honorary degrees and he accepted many other awards and medals, presented to him from small cities, to NASA and even the President. (Right - Von Braun with President Kennedy.)

His dossier was apparently rewritten so he didn’t appear an enthusiastic (alleged) Nazi and he attempted to play down his real Nazi involvement by claiming "In 1939 [sic] I was officially demanded to join the National Socialist Party. At this time I was already Technical Director at Peenemünde … The technical work had … attracted attention at higher and higher levels. Thus, my refusal to join the party would have meant that I would have to abandon the work of my life. My membership in the party did not include any political activity (23)."

However, von Braun’s claim was simply untrue, for other scientists successfully used an old rule of the Weimar Republic that was still in use, forcing anyone in the military to abstain from political affiliation.

Wernher von Braun’s mentor, Hermann Oberth also entered the US after the war under Operation Paperclip. Born 25th June 1894 in the Transylvanian town of Hermannstadt, Oberth (right with von Braun) is widely recognised as the founding father of modern rocketry, having published the paper in 1923 that was to so inspire von Braun, ‘Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen’ (By Rocket into Planetary Space.) This was followed by a longer version (429 pages) in 1929 that was internationally regarded as a work of tremendous scientific importance.

When in his thirties, Oberth took Wernher von Braun (who affectionately referred to Oberth as his ‘teacher’) on as an assistant, and they worked together at Peenemunde developing the V2 rocket. After entering the US at the end of the war along with the remaining 100 V2 rockets and components, Oberth again worked with Von Braun as the entire Peenemunde team was re-assembled at the White Sands Proving Grounds. Oberth and Von Braun continued their work and it was a later development of the same V2 rocket which had inflicted so much damage on Northern Europe that was eventually to propel the first American into space in the Saturn V rocket. Oberth retired three years after entering the US and returned to Germany where he headed us the Oberth Commission for the German Government into the UFO phenomenon.

posted 04-23-2001 02:16 PM            

Another scientist who brought new knowledge to America was Viktor Schauberger. Although there is no evidence that Schauberger had Nazi sympathies, he was viewed by the Americans as a collaborator and put ‘into protective custody’ for six months at the end of the war.

Dr Walter Miethe, and Rudolph Schriever also entered America under Operation Paperclip, however it is believed that their colleague Habermohl fell into Russian hands.

Whilst in the US, Miethe continued his ‘flying disk’ work working primarily for the US Air Force, however he was sub-contracted to A. V. Roe and Company.

In 1959 Jack Judges, a freelance cameraman was flying over this company’s plant in Canada when he saw and photographed this picture (left) of a disk shaped craft sitting on the ground.

After the photograph was published in the papers, speculation grew that the disk was a secret weapon, and one that may have accounted for many of the UFO sightings during previous years.

In response to the speculation, the US Air Force released the following official photograph of the craft. It was called the ‘Avro’ and had first been launched in 1955.

A CIA memo of that year confirmed that the craft was based work undertaken by German scientists, notably Miethe, during WWII. The design was later abandoned in the late 1960s with the Air Force maintaining it was still at an experimental stage when abandoned. The 1990s were to reveal the craft was part of the secret ‘Project Silver Bug’, a project to develop a craft that had VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) capabilities that would dispense with the need for runways – and reduce the risks of such runways been targets of attack thus immobilising any aircraft that may rely on it.

Other German scientists similarly brought their expertise – and designs – into the US after the war. ‘America’s Aircraft Year Book’ notes how many of them worked at Ft. Bliss (von Braun et al above) and Wright Field:- the first and second homes of the Roswell wreckage. Among those in the German group at Wright Field were Rudolph Hermann, Alexander Lippisch, Heinz Schmitt, Helmut Heinrich, Fritz Doblhoff and Ernst Zundel.

Hermann was attached to the Peenemunde Research Station for Aerodynamics where Germany’s V-2 rockets were hatched and launched against England. A specialist in supersonics, he was in charge of the supersonic wind tunnel at Kochel in the Bavarian Alps. He was also a member of the group entrusted with Hitler’s futuristic plans to establish a space-station rocket-refuelling bases revolving as a satellite about the Earth at a distance of 4,000 miles – a scheme which he and certain high ranking AAF officers in 1947 still believed possible."

One of these scientists Dr. Alexander Lippisch had designed another German craft that could be mistaken at the time for a flying disc, certainly at least when viewed from the side.

Lippisch had developed a number of projects leading up to the war, having been inspired by witnessing a flight by Orville Wright in September 1909 when a boy of 14. By November 1944, Lippisch, along with his students, had constructed the DM-1 (left), a delta with 60° swept leading edges. This craft was later to be flown at a speed of 497mph under the power of a rocket motor, and was shipped back to the US at the end of the war along with its creator. The DM-1 was to inspire the design of many US delta-wing aircraft such as the F-102 and F-104.

Lippisch joined Collins Radio Company as an expert on special aeronautical problems and in 1966 founded the ‘Lippisch Corporation’. He went on to develop the X-113A Aerofoil Boat before dying in 1976 at the age of 81.

Another craft that looked suspiciously like a ‘flying disk’ was the AS-6. This craft was built by Arthur Sack following encouragement from Ernst Udet, Germany’s Air Minister in 1939.

Constructed at the Mitteldeutsche Motorwerke Company, and completed at the Flugplatz-Werkstatt at the Brandis Air Base in early 1944, the plane was not a success, and not further developed.

A similar craft to the AS-6, the V-173, was built by ‘Chance-Vought’, and known as the ‘flying pancake’. The V-173 has the honour of being the one occasion that the US authorities actually ‘admitted’ that technologies developed in Germany during the war years could account for the wave of UFOs seen over America in the 1940s.

The Navy released this picture of a V-173 in 1947 during the wave of UFO excitement generated by Kenneth Arnold’s sighting and the headline of the saucer crash at Roswell.

The Navy stated that the V-173 was the only craft in operation at that time that could in any way come close to the flying disks being sighted everywhere.

Certainly the V-173, or another development at Chance-Vought was mistaken for a UFO by a local resident Thomas C. Smith whilst working for the company a year before the famous Roswell incident.

In 1997 Smith disclosed his story which appeared in the Lancaster New Era newspaper in Lancaster, Pennsylvania on 12th July, 1997. In the article Smith stated he had seen a flying saucer, but not a visitor from another planet but one that "was a human-engineered, experimental aircraft nestled in a Connecticut hangar.

"‘My God, what is that?’ the 20-year-old Smith wondered. ‘It was standing there on these stilts.’ It reminded Smith of something out of Orson Welles' 1938 radio broadcast ‘The War of the Worlds,’ about a Martian invasion of Earth. Armed with U.S. government security clearance, Smith watched, he says, as the 40-foot-wide elliptical craft hovered 10 feet off the ground and flew away, driven by twin propellers. A pilot lying in a cramped cockpit guided the craft. Smith, now a retired 72-year-old executive, recalled the experience during the UFO frenzy created by the 50th anniversary of the Roswell episode this month. Does he have proof that a craft like the one he saw crashed in Roswell during a test flight? No, but he says he believes that theory is more probable than visitors from outer space.

At the time, Smith was a mechanical-engineering graduate just out of Penn State University. He was working for Chance-Vought Aircraft in Stratford, Conn., which was building planes for the U.S. Navy. Smith was testing the high-altitude bonding of a composite material: wood sandwiched between two layers of metal.

He says he was curious about what would be built with the material, and since he had security clearance, a supervisor led him into a guarded hangar. He was shown a new jet the company was developing, but his attention was attracted to the other craft in the hangar, a flying saucer made of the material he had been testing.

‘It was very streamlined,’ Smith recalls. The khaki-coloured saucer was a few inches thick at the edges to about two feet thick at the pilot's cockpit, which had a bubble window allowing the pilot to look forward and down at the ground. ‘I saw him get in, and he lay down flat,’ Smith says. The craft had two propellers and rudders in the back. Smith went back at night to watch test flights. The saucer, he says, would float straight up, then fly off.

‘They'd get it off the ground and it would disappear’ into the darkness, he says. He says there were reports in the area of unidentified flying objects. About the time he left Chance-Vought in 1947, it moved operations to Texas, where it would have better conditions for test flights, Smith says." (24) Thus, Chance-Vought moved to a state next to New Mexico the year of the Roswell crash.

Other aircraft, at the time, seemed equally unconventional. In the 1930s and 1940s in Germany, the Horten brothers, Walter and Reimar, built a range of planes that they called the ‘Ho’ series. The first of this series, the Ho I, was a simple flying-wing sail plane.

By the end of that decade the brothers had developed the Ho III, a metal framed glider that was fitted with a folding blade propeller for flight. Then in 1944 they finished the prototype HO IX, their first combat intended design, powered by the Junkers Jumo 004B turbojets, the craft had a metal frame and plywood exterior (Appendix I) It made its maiden flight on 2nd February 1945 and satisfied with its performance, the Air Ministry ordered forty of the craft to be built by the Goetha Waggonfabrik under the designation Ho-229.

When the US Third US Army Corps reached the Goetha plant on 14th April 1945 they took over the factory, and shipped back to the US the near completed HO IX V3.

Another similar looking craft was this ‘airplane’ photographed in Germany at the end of the war.

In fact, many of these German designs seemingly account for many of the reports of Unidentified Flying Objects seen over the US after the war.

Kenneth Arnold himself described what he saw as a flying disc, yet when Arnold actually drew a picture of what he had seen, it looked little like the popularly conceived silver-round disc that readily springs to mind.

In fact, the diagram Kenneth Arnold actually drew of what he had seen that fateful day in 1947 looks remarkably like the German HO IX or other craft developed during the war.

George Adamski’s UFOs also have a similar Nazi connection. This light enhanced frame from a 8mm cine film taken by George Adamski in the presence of Madeleine Rodeffer (Picture credit: Madeleine Rodeffer) and other witnesses at Silver Spring, Maryland in February 1965, looks remarkably like the drawings for the Nazi Haunebu II during the second world war.

Notice the bubble effects under the diagram of the Nazi craft and those captured in the alleged Adamski UFO. Indeed, it obviously is the Haunebu craft.

Again, this object photographed in February 1954 by Stephen Darbishire and his cousin Adrian Myers in the Lake District of England looks suspiciously like the German craft.

Its contours and design are too much like the Haunebu craft to be a coincidence, and on the bottom left hand side can be seen one of the ‘bubbles’.

This following picture was drawn following an alleged UFO touchdown near Kofu City, Yamanshi Prefecture in Japan on 23rd February 1975 – thirty years after cessation of hostilities in Europe. According to the artist, an occupant came out of the craft and touched a child on the shoulder, temporarily paralysing him. (Well, wouldn’t you be startled if an alien touched you?)

The idea of such flying disks should come as no surprise for after the war there were a number of such designs in existence.

This craft was developed by the Lockheed Skunk Works in Palmdale, California.

An unmanned aerial reconnaissance vehicle, it had a saucer shaped body with long wings and could easily be mistaken for a flying disk when seen at certain angles.

This craft (below), is the prototype of a giant ‘flying saucer’ designed to revolutionise air transport. Designed by British firm, Airship Industries, the Skyship was planned to cruise at about 100 miles an hour at an altitude of 5000 feet.

It seems likely, therefore, that many of the UFO sighting reports made after the war can be accounted for by misidentified or unrecognised German/US designs that were being developed in a secrecy necessitated by firstly the Cold War and secondly by the fact that most of the technologies were the result of works undertaken by former Nazi scientists secretly and often illegally brought into the US.

Yet this cannot account for all of the sightings, for it is inconceivable that the CIA, NSA, FBI etc. would have been in such a blind panic as described in previous chapters had the sightings simply been known terrestrial if unconventional aircraft. (Each agency may not always have been aware of all developments at all times, but the official investigation into the UFO phenomena in the US went on officially for over twenty years, it would not be unrealistic to have expected a terrestrial explanation to have been circulated within that time frame.)

So if unconventional but terrestrial craft cannot account for many of the sightings – and the official interest – then what can. There have certainly been rumours circulating for many years that the German designs were actually man-made attempts to reproduce crashed real ‘flying saucers’ - attempts that failed because the engineers and scientists involved were unable to recreate the steering and propulsion systems of the alleged crashed craft.

As bizarre as this sounds, this claim certainly better explains the number of sightings over hundreds if not thousands of years and the inability of the major governmental agencies to account for much of the activity in the skies after the war. And it is a claim that is backed by some major players on the world stage.

One of the most impressive of those backing this claim is Colonel Philip J. Corso (Ret.) (below left with Edwards O’Connor, Corso, Lt. Gen. Arthur Trudeau and Victor Fediay).

Corso published a book entitled ‘The Day After Roswell: A Former Official Reveals the US Government’s Shocking UFO Cover-up’ in which he makes a number of revelations.

Corso’s background itself is formidable. He was Chief of the US Army’s Foreign Technology Division, and was a member of President Eisenhower’s National Security Council. He later went on to work for Senator Strom Thurmond after retiring from the army in 1963. Corso was interviewed by Michael Lindemann of CNI News on 5th July 1997 and asked;

ML: There have been rumours and speculations that Roswell, and what came from Roswell – the way we exploited Roswell technology – might not have been the very first time such a thing happened. There have been indications or speculations that the Nazis had done such a thing, that some of their extraordinary technological developments may have come from a similar source. What do you think of that?

PC: Yes. True. I had German scientists on my team. I discussed this with them. I discussed this with Oberth, von Braun. I was part of ‘Project Paperclip’ with General Trudeau… There were crashes elsewhere, and they [the Germans] gathered material too. The Germans were working on it. They didn’t solve the propulsion system. They did a lot of experiments on flying saucers. They had one that went up to 12,000 feet. But where all, we and they, missed out was on the guidance system. In R&D we began to realise that this being [a captured alien] was part of the guidance system, part of the apparatus himself, or itself, as it had no sexual organs."

In his book Corso also describes the UFO that crashed at Roswell and noted General Twinning’s observations regarding the design; "The crescent-shaped craft looked so uncomfortably like the German Horten wings our flyers had seen at the end of the war that he had to suspect the Germans had bumped into something we didn’t know about. And his conversations with Wernher von Braun and Willy Ley at Alamogordo in the days after the crash confirmed this. They didn’t want to be thought of as verruckt but intimated that there was a deeper story about what the Germans had engineered." (25)

Certainly this ‘deeper story’ was confirmed by the father of the modern rocket, Hermann Oberth. He independently confirmed that during the war years there was a Nazi-Extra-terrestrial connection when he stated, "we cannot take credit for our record advancement in certain scientific fields alone. We have been helped." When asked by whom, he replied, "the peoples of other worlds." (26)

Wernher von Braun was equally frank about the issue and did not doubt that extraterrestrials were visiting the Earth nor that many of the advancements he was involved in were a result of back engineering alien technology. Indeed, he talked openly about the issue following an incident on 3rd June 1959 when the ‘Discoverer III’ failed to achieve orbit, having been deflected whilst travelling. Von Braun commented, "We find ourselves faced by powers, which are far stronger than we had hitherto assumed, and whose base is at present unknown to us. More I cannot say at present. We are now engaged in entering into closer contact with those powers, and in six or nine months it may be possible to speak with some precision on the matter." (27)

If these reports from Oberth and Von Braun are to be believed, then clearly the Germans held a knowledge not previously available to the Western allies. And it appears that the scientists entering the US after the war under the auspices of Operation Paperclip shared this knowledge with the US military who within weeks set in place one of the fastest but little known invasions of the Twentieth Century.

posted 04-23-2001 02:19 PM            

This invasion of the continent of Antarctica was named ‘Operation High Jump’ and comprised of some 4700 military personnel, six helicopters, six Martin PBM flying boats, two seaplane tenders, fifteen other aircraft, thirteen US Navy support ships and one aircraft carrier; the USS Philippine Sea (left).

It seems incredible that so shortly after a war that had decimated most of Europe and crippled global economies, an expedition to Antarctica was undertaken with so much haste (it took advantage of the first available Antarctic summer after the war), at such cost, and with so much military hardware - unless the operation was absolutely essential to the security of the United States.

At the time of the operation, the US Navy itself was being taken apart piece by piece as the battle-tested fleet was decommissioned with its mostly civilian crew bidding farewell to the seas forever. The Navy was even reduced to further recruitment to man the few remaining ships in service (1).

Tensions across the globe were also mounting as Russia and America edged into a Cold War, possibly a Third World War that the US would have to fight with "tragically few ships and tragically half trained men (2)." This made the sending of nearly 5,000 residual Navy personnel to a remote part of the planet where so much danger lurked in the form of icebergs, blizzards and sub-zero temperatures even more of a puzzle. The operation was also launched with incredible speed, "a matter of weeks (3)." Perhaps it would not be uncharitable to conclude that the Americans had some unfinished business connected with the war in the polar region. Indeed this was later confirmed by other events and the operation’s leader, Admiral Richard Byrd, himself.

However, the official instructions issued by the then Chief of Naval Operations, Chester W. Nimitz (right), himself of German descent, were: to (a) train personnel and test material in the frigid zones; (b) consolidate and extend American sovereignty over the largest practical area of the Antarctic continent; (c) to determine the feasibility of establishing and maintaining bases in the Antarctic and to investigate possible base sites; (d) to develop techniques for establishing and maintaining air bases on the ice, (with particular attention to the later applicability of such techniques to Greenland) and (e) amplify existing knowledge of hydrographic, geographic, geological, meteorological and electromagnetic conditions in the area (4).

Little other information was released to the media about the mission, although most journalists were suspicious of its true purpose given the huge amount of military hardware involved. The US Navy also strongly emphasised that Operation Highjump was going to be a navy show; Admiral Ramsey’s preliminary orders of 26th August 1946 stated that "the Chief of Naval Operations only will deal with other governmental agencies" and that "no diplomatic negotiations are required. No foreign observers will be accepted." Not exactly an invitation to scrutiny, even from other arms of the government.

Admiral Byrd (centre), was a strategic choice as he was a national hero to the Americans; he had pioneered the technology that would be a foundation for modern polar exploration and investigation, had been repeatedly decorated, had undertaken many expeditions to Antarctica and was also the first man to fly over both poles.

However, the task force itself, remained strictly under the military command of Rear Admiral Richard Cruzen (above, left).

The ships of the central group entered the ice pack off the Ross Sea on 31st December 1946 and found conditions as bad as had been noted for over a century. Icebreakers such as the USCGC Burton Island (below), a ship that had only recently been commissioned and was still undergoing sea trials off the Californian coast when Operation High Jump was launched, fought to cut a way through the ice to help the men land. (Again, pulling a newly commissioned ship off trials adds to the sense of the urgency of the overall operation.)

The main force was divided into three groups. The Central Group comprised of the USS Mt. Olympus (communications); USS Yancey (supply); USS Merrick (Supply); USS Sennet (submarine); USCGC Burton Island (Icebreaker) and USCGC Northwind (icebreaker.) The East Group consisted of the USS Pine Island (seaplane tender); USS Brownson (destroyer) and the USS Canisteo (tanker). Finally there was the West Group which was made up of the USS Currituck (seaplane tender); the USS Henderson (Destroyer) and the USS Capapon (tanker.) (The operation also had the aircraft carrier USS Philippine and a Base Group headed by Commander Clifford M. Campbell.

Following its arrival at Antarctica, the force began a reconnaissance of the continent. Byrd himself was onboard the first of the planes to take off on 29th January 1947. Rocket propulsion tubes (JATO bottles) had been attached to the side of the aircraft and the carrier was manoeuvred for a 35mph run to help get the planes airborne. "From the vibration of the great carrier", Byrd later wrote, "I knew when the captain had got the ship up to about 30 knots (35 mph). We seemed to creep along the deck at first and it looked as if we would never make it … But when our four JATO bottles went off along the sides of the plane with a terrific, deafening noise I could see the deck fall away. I knew we had made it (5)."

Over the next four weeks the planes spent 220 hours in the air, flying a total of 22,700 miles and taking some 70,000 aerial photographs (6).

Then the mission that had been expected to last for between 6-8 months, came to an early and faltering end. The Chilean press reported that the mission had "run into trouble" and that there had been "many fatalities". (The official record, though, states that one plane crashed killing three men; a fourth man had perished on the ice; two helicopters had gone down although their crews had been rescued and a task force commander was nearly lost (7).)

The Chilean claims to one side, it is known that the Central Group of Operation Highjump were evacuated by the Burton Island ice-breaker from the Bay of Whales (above) on 22nd February 1947; the Western Group headed home on 1st March 1947 and the Eastern Group did likewise on 4th March, a mere eight weeks after arrival.

Quite what was going on is still not a matter of public record, however it is known that Byrd was immediately summoned to Washington and interrogated by the Security Services on his return after being initially ‘welcomed back’ by Secretary of War James Forrestal (left) on 14th April 1947. (Forrestal was late to commit suicide.)

On 5th March 1947 the ‘El Mercurio’ newspaper of Santiago, Chile, ran the headline ‘On Board the Mount Olympus on the High Seas’ which quoted Byrd in an interview with Lee van Atta. "Adm. Byrd declared today that it was imperative for the United States to initiate immediate defence measures against hostile regions. The Admiral further stated that he didn’t want to frighten anyone unduly but it was a bitter reality that in case of a new war the continental United States would be attacked by flying objects which could fly from pole to pole at incredible speeds.

Admiral Byrd repeated the above points of view, resulting from his personal knowledge gathered both at the north and south poles, before a news conference held for International News Service." Bearing in mind that all this occurred (the search for craft that could fly from pole to pole at ‘incredible’ speeds) a year after the war had ended with Germany defeated, makes it all the more intriguing.

So who was the enemy that owned or flew these flying objects? Germany was apparently defeated, and there was no evidence that the new emerging enemy, Russia, had such superior technologies. Certainly there was no other known country whose activities that could explain the US invasion of Antartica nor for the development of any craft that could fly "fly from Pole to pole with incredible speeds." Rumours began to circulate that whilst Germany had been defeated, a selection of military personnel and scientists had fled the fatherland as Allied troops swept across mainland Europe and established themselves at a base on Antarctica from where they continued to develop advanced aircraft based on extraterrestrial technologies. (It is interesting to note that at the end of the war the Allies determined that there were 250,000 Germans unaccounted for, even taking into account casualties and deaths.)

Incredible as it may sound, there is considerable supporting evidence for these claims about a German base for, on the very eve of the Second World War, the Germans themselves had invaded part of Antartica and claimed it for the Third Reich.

In fact Hitler had authorised several expeditions to the poles shortly before WWII. Their stated objective was to either to rebuild and enlarge Germany’s whaling fleet or test out weaponry in severely hostile conditions. Yet, if true, all of this could have been achieved at the North Pole rather than at both poles and been much closer to home.

The Germans had long held an interest in the South Polar region of Antarctica with the first Germanic research of that area being undertaken in 1873 when Sir Eduard Dallman (1830-1896) discovered new Antarctic routes with his ship ‘Grönland’ during his expedition for the German polar Navigation Company of Hamburg. (The Grönland also achieved the distinction of being the first steamer to operate in the southern ocean.)

A further expedition took place in the early years of the twentieth century in the ship the Gauss (which became embedded in the ice for 12 months – above), and then a further expedition took place in 1911 under the command of Wilhelm Filchner (left) with his ship the ‘Deutchland’.

Between the wars, the Germans made a further voyage in 1925 with a specially designed ship for the Polar Regions, the ‘Meteor’ under the command of Dr. Albert Merz.

Then, in the years directly preceding the Second World War, the Germans laid claim to parts of Antarctica in order to set up a permanent base there. Given that no country actually ‘owned’ the continent and it couldn’t exactly be conquered as no-one lived there during the winter months at least, it appeared to the Germans that the most effective way to ‘conquer’ part of the continent was to physically travel there, claim it, let others know of their actions and await any disagreements.

Captain Alfred Ritscher (right) was chosen to lead the proposed strike. He had already led expeditions to the North Pole and had proved himself in adverse and critical situations.

For the mission Ritscher was given the ‘Schwabenland’ (below); a German aircraft carrier that had been used for transatlantic mail deliveries by special flightboats, the famous 10 ton Dornier Super ‘Wals’ since 1934.

These ‘Wals’ were launched by catapult from the Schwabenland and had to be accelerated to 93mph before they could become airborne. At the end of each flight a crane on the ship lifted the aircraft back on board after they landed in the sea.

The ship was refitted for the expedition in the shipyards of Hamburg, and around one million Reichmark – nearly a third of the entire expedition budget - was spent on this refit alone.

The crew was prepared for the mission by the German Society of Polar Research and as these preparations neared completion, the organisation invited Admiral Byrd to address them, which he did.

The Schwabenland left the port of Hamburg on 17th December 1938 and followed a precisely planned and determined route towards the southern continent. In little over a month the ship arrived at the ice covered Antarctica, dropping anchor at 4° 30¢ W and 69° 14¢ S on January 20th 1939 (8).

The expedition then spent three weeks off Princess Astrid Coast and Princess Martha Coast off Queen Maud Land (9). During these weeks, the two Schwabenland aircraft, the ‘Passat’ and ‘Boreas’, flew 15 missions across some 600,000 square kilometres of Antarctica, taking more than 11,000 pictures of the area with their specially designed ‘Zeiss Reihenmess-bildkameras RMK 38’. (One of these photographs, below left.)

These pictures showed that some of the older Norwegian maps of the area from 1931 were not only inaccurate, but occasionally fabricated, as the original ‘maps’ bore no resemblance to the photographic images now obtained. (In fact the Norwegian expeditions that had prepared these earlier maps had never actually gone as far inland as some of the areas detailed on their maps.)

Nearly one fifth of Antarctica was reconnoitred in this way and, for the first time, ice-free areas with lakes and signs of vegetation were discovered.

This area was then declared to be under the control of the German expedition, renamed ‘Neu-Schwabenland’ and hundreds of small stakes, carrying the swastika, were dumped on the snow-covered ground from the ‘Wals’ to signal the new ownership.

posted 04-23-2001 02:21 PM            

Ritscher and the Schwabenland left their newly claimed territory in the middle of February 1939 and returned to Hamburg two months later, complete with photographs and maps of the new German acquisition.

The true purpose of this expedition has never been satisfactorily explained; we are merely left with a series of puzzles, related reports and snippets of information that are no longer open to verification. What is not open to doubt however, is that in the decade preceding the Second World War, the Germans did almost nothing that did not put the entire structure of the country on a war footing.

This activity affected all aspects of German life; military, civilian, economic, social and foreign policies, engineering, industry etc. Given that the seizing of Neu-Schwabenland occurred on the very eve of the war, it can only be concluded that that the polar expedition was of major importance and significance to the goals and development of the planned 1000-year Third Reich.

And this ‘invasion’ was certainly not the end to German activity in the area; rather the prelude, providing support for the idea that Germany might have established a base on the apparently frozen wasteland.

That German activity continued around Antarctica through the war years is a matter of historical record. In 1939, the ship ‘Schleswig-Holstein’ is reported to have inspected Iles Kerguelen, Ile Saint-Paul, Ile Amsterdam, Iles Crozet, Prince Edward Islands, and Gough Island and later visited Cape Town (10).

During the period 1939 – 1941 Captain Bernhard Rogge of the raider ship ‘Atlantis’ (pictured left in the icy waters off Antarctica) made an extended voyage in the South Atlantic, Indian and South Pacific Oceans, and visited the Iles Kerguelen between December 1940 to January 1941 (burying a seaman at Bassin de la Gazelle).

The Atlantis is known to have been visited by an RFC-2 (the ‘UFO’ style craft which had served as a reconnaissance aircraft since late 1940.) The ship then adopted a new disguise as Tamesis before being sunk by HMS Devonshire near Ascension Island, on 22nd November 1941 (the Atlantis was also known as Hilfskreuzer 16 and was, at various times, disguised as Kasii-Maru or Abbekerk. (11).)

Although the activities of the German ship Erlangen, under the captaincy of Alfred Grams, do not appear to be of consequence during 1939-40, the same cannot be said of the Komet which was commanded by Captain Robert Eyssen. Following her passage along the Northern Sea Route in 1940, this commerce raider operated in the Pacific and Indian oceans, including a voyage along the Antarctic coastline from Cape Adare to the Shackleton Ice Shelf in search of whaling vessels during February 1941. There she met the Pinguin and supply vessels Alstertor and Adjutant. (Komet was also known as Hilfskreuzer 45 and was sunk off Cherbourg in 1942 (12).)

The Pinguin itself under the command of Captain Ernst-Felix Kruder was a commerce raider that operated chiefly in the Indian Ocean. In January 1941 she captured a Norwegian whaling fleet (factory ships Ole Wegger and Pelagos, supply ship Solglimt and eleven whale catchers) in about 59° S, 02° 30W. One of these catchers (renamed Adjutant) remained as a tender and the rest were sent to France. This ship also made anchorages at the Iles Kerguelen and may have landed a party on Marion Island. (Pinguin was sunk off the Persian Gulf by HMS Cornwall0 on 8th May 1941 after she had captured 136,550 tons of British and allied shipping. She was also known as Hilfskreuzer 33, and disguised herself at various times as Tamerlan, Petschura, Kassos and Trafalgar (13).)

This island of Kerguelen (named the ‘Most Useless Island In the World’ in 1995) continued to feature prominently in Nazi plans. For example, in 1942 the German Navy planned to establish a meteorological station there. In May of that year the ship Michel (Hilfskreuzer 28) transferred a meteorologist and two radio operators with full equipment to a supply vessel Charlotte Schlieman that went on to the island, however the orders for the station were later counter-manded (14). (Kerguelen Island was also the centre of a mid 19th Century mystery. Then entirely uninhabited, except for seals and seabirds, British Captain Sir James Clark Ross landed there in May 1840. He found in the snow unidentifiable "traces … of the singular footprints of a pony, or ass, being 3 inches in length and 2½ inches in breadth, having a small deeper depression in either side, and shaped like a horseshoe." Similar markings appeared overnight in the Devon area of England fifteen years later and have also defied adequate explanation.)

Then in 1942 Captain Gerlach in his ship the ‘Stier’ investigated nearby Gough Island as a possible temporary base for raiders and a camp for prisoners. (Stier was also known as Hilfskreuzer 23.)

This ship activity does not appear considerable, however the level of U-boat activity in the South Atlantic was much higher. The exact nature and extent of how high will probably never be known, however some insight might be gleaned from the fact that between October 1942 and September 1944 16 German U-boats were sunk in the South Atlantic area (see Appendix I).

Apart from their normal patrols, some of these submarines did appear to be engaged in covert activities. For example submarine U-859 which, on 4th April 1944 at 04.40hrs, left on a mission carrying 67 men and 33 tons of mercury sealed in glass bottles in watertight tin crates. The submarine was later sunk on 23rd September by a British submarine (HMS Trenchant) in the Straits of Malacca and although 47 of the crew died, 20 survived. Some 30 years later one of these survivors spoke openly about the cargo and divers later confirmed the story on rediscovering the mercury. The significance being that mercury is usable as a fuel source for certain types of aerospace propulsion. Why would a German submarine be transporting such a cargo so far from home?

Although this is the known record of Nazi activity around Antarctica before 8th May 1945 when Germany surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, events after that date suggested something was happening that did not form a part of recognised world history. Something fuelled by a statement made by Karl Dönitz (left).

Dönitz (16th September 1891 – 24th December 1980) had become Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine on 31st January 1943 and he led the German U-Boat fleet until the end of World War II. (Dönitz also has the distinction of briefly becoming head of the German state for 20 days after Hitler’s death until his own capture by the Allies on 23rd May 1945.) His contribution to the mystery of post-war Antarctic activity came in a statement he made in 1943 when he declared that the German submarine fleet had rebuilt "in another part of the world a Shangri-La land – an impregnable fortress." Could he have been referring to the alleged base in Antarctica?

Certainly there are records of continued German naval activity in the area after the war had apparently ended. For example, on 10th July 1945, more than two months after the cessation of known hostilities, the German submarine U-530 surrendered to Argentine authorities. The background to this event is puzzling. It is known that the boat had left Lorient in France on 22nd May 1944 under the captaincy of Otto Wermuth for operations in the Trinidad area, and after successfully rendezvousing with the incoming Japanese submarine I-52, it headed for Trinidad before finally returning to base after 133 days at sea.

The boat’s official record states that between October 1944 and May 1945 it formed part of the 33rd Flotilla and on Germany’s surrender Otto Wermuth’s captaincy and the submarine’s career came to an end. Yet two months later it arrived in Rio de la Plata in Argentina and surrendered to the authorities there on 10th July 1945.

History also records that the U-boat, U-977, left Kristiansand in Norway on 2nd May 1945 for combat patrol in the English Channel. After Germany’s surrender, Captain Heinz Schäffer decided to head for the South Atlantic but he first gave the married men on board the chance to go ashore; 16 of them took Schäffer up the offer.

After a 66-day submerged trip, and a further run on the surface, U-977 arrived in Mar del Plata, Argentina on 17th August, and later surrendered to the US in Boston on 13th November 1945 three months later. Its activities during this period are unknown.

This incident occurred shortly after the end of the war, however, there continued to be accounts of German activity for a considerable post-war period. The French ‘Agence France Press’ on 25th September 1946 stated "the continuous rumours about German U-boat activity in the region of Tierra del Fuego [‘Feuerland’ in German] between the southernmost tip of Latin America and the continent of Antarctica are based on true happenings."

Then the French newspaper, ‘France Soir’ gave the following account of an encounter with such a German U-boat. "Almost 1 – ½ years after cessation of hostilities in Europe, the Icelandic Whaler ‘Juliana’ was stopped by a large German U-boat. The Juliana was in the Antarctic region around Malvinas Islands [The Falklands] when a German submarine surfaced and raised the German official Flag of Mourning – red with a black edge.

"The submarine commander sent out a boarding party, which approached the Juliana in a rubber dingy, and having boarded the whaler demanded of Capt. Hekla part of his fresh food stocks. The request was made in the definite tone of an order to which resistance would have been unwise.

"The German officer spoke a correct English and paid for his provisions in US dollars, giving the Captain a bonus of $10 for each member of the Juliana crew. Whilst the foodstuffs were being transferred to the submarine, the submarine commander informed Capt. Hekla of the exact location of a large school of whales. Later the Juliana found the school of whales where designated."

Could it be possible that other German U-boats, in addition to U-530 and U-977 were continuing to operate in the area following the war? There are no formal records of such activity, however it is known that 54 German U-boats ‘disappeared’ during the war, of which only 11 are likely to have met their fate at the hands of mines (see appendix II).

The future may well reveal that fate of more of these submarines, however given the French and South American reports, and the number of missing U-boats, it may not be unreasonable to conclude that at least some of them relocated to the South Polar area.

History also gives us further clues as to a Nazi-Antarctica connection, for it records that Hans-Ulrich Rudel of the German Luftwaffe (above) was being groomed by Hitler to be his successor. It is known that Rudel made frequent trips to Tierra del Fuego at the tip of South America nearest Antarctica. And one of Martin Bormann’s last messages from the bunker in Berlin to Dönitz also mentioned Tierra del Fuego.

Then there are claims about Rudolph Hess (below), Hitler’s best friend who went to England and was arrested as a war criminal on 10th May 1941. Following his arrest, Hess was held in Spandau Prison in isolation until his death. Such unique treatment is suggestive that he had information that the Allies considered dangerous. Indeed, in his book ‘Secret Nazi Polar Expeditions’ Christof Friedrich states Hess "was entrusted with the all-important Antarctic file … Hess, himself, kept the Polar file…" (15)

However, for Operation Highjump to have been an attempt to ferret out a remaining Nazi base on the Antarctic continent, there would have been two prerequisites. Firstly, Operation Highjump would have to provide evidence that the mission included a reconnaissance of Neu-Swabenland and secondly, there would have to be an area of the frozen continent that could allow such a base to exist throughout the year. And indeed both criteria are met.

Both the Eastern and Western Groups of Operation Highjump had been active around Neu-Schwabenland. So was a Russian boat that "proved to be unfriendly" (16).

The Eastern group were frustrated in their efforts to make a reconnaissance of the area, despite incredible efforts to secure photographs for later examination. However by then "it was very late in the season ... The sun had only been briefly glimpsed in the past few weeks, but everyone could tell that the continually grey skies and clouds were darkening daily. In another month all light would be gone from Antarctica…. The waters girdling the continent would begin to freeze rapidly, binding unwary ships in a crushing embrace … Dufek [the commander] was loath to surrender. He ordered his ships northwards away from the pack. Perhaps one or two more flights might be possible. But on the morning of 3 March … virgin ice was seen to be forming on the water’s surface [and the] Eastern group steamed out of Antarctica. (17)"

The Western Group, however, were to make a remarkable discovery. At the end of January 1947 a PBM piloted by Lieutenant Commander David Bunger of Coronado, California, flew from his ship, the Currituck and headed towards the continent’s Queen Mary Coast. On reaching land, Bunger flew west for a time, then, coming up over the featureless, white horizon, he saw a dark, bare area which Byrd later described as "a land of blue and green lakes and brown hills in an otherwise limitless expanse of ice." (18)

Bunger and his men carefully reconnoitred the area before racing back to the Currituck with news of their find. The ‘oasis’ they had discovered covered an area of some three hundred square miles of the continent and contained three large, open water lakes along with a number of smaller lakes. These lakes were separated by masses of barren, reddish-brown rocks possibly indicating the presence of iron ore.

Several days later, Bunger returned to the area, and found that the water was warm to the touch and the lake itself was filled with red, blue and green algae giving it a distinctive colour. Bunger filled a bottle with the water which later "turned out to be brackish, a clue to the fact that the ‘lake’ was actually an arm of the open sea." (19)

This is important for two reasons; warm, inland lakes connected to the surrounding oceans would be perfect for submarines to hide within, and similar lakes have been noted in Neu-Schwabenland, the site of the alleged Nazi base.

There is no conclusive evidence of a Nazi base on Antarctica, however that something untoward was happening on, or around, the frozen continent appears, on balance of probabilities, to be likely. The evidence is there;

i) The Germans invaded and claimed part of Antarctica on the very eve of the war when all of their activity was geared towards the war machine and the establishment of a 1000-year Reich.

ii) There was ongoing ship and submarine activity in the South Atlantic and polar regions throughout and after the war had apparently ended.

iii) The US invaded the continent itself with considerable naval resources leaving mainland America exposed and vulnerable as the world edged into the Cold War. The task force limped home as if defeated only weeks later, and the local South American press wrote of such a defeat.

iv) Admiral Byrd spoke of objects that could fly from pole to pole at incredible speeds being based on Antarctica.

v) Hundreds of thousands of Germans and numerous U-boats were missing at the end of the war.

The connection between Antarctica and the UFO phenomenon was sealed with claims made by one Albert K. Bender who stated that he "went into the fantastic and came up with an answer … I know what the saucers are."

posted 04-23-2001 02:25 PM            

Bitchin!

Bender ran an organisation called the ‘International Flying Saucer Bureau’ a small UFO organisation based in Connecticut, USA and he also edited a publication known as the ‘Space Review’ which was committed to the dissemination of news about UFOs. In truth, the organisation had only a small membership and the publication circulated amongst hundreds rather than thousands, but that its members and readers valued it was in little doubt. The publication itself advocated that flying saucers were spacecraft of extraterrestrial origin.

Then, in the October 1953 edition of ‘Space Review’, there were two major announcements. The first was headed ‘Late Bulletin’ and stated "A source which the IFSB considers very reliable has informed us that the investigation of the flying saucer mystery and the solution is approaching final stages. This same source to whom we had referred data, which had come into our possession, suggested that it was not the proper method and time to publish the data in Space Review."

The second announcement read "Statement of Importance: The mystery of the flying saucers is no longer a mystery. The source is already known, but any information about this is being withheld by order from a higher source. We would like to print the full story in Space Review, but because of the nature of the information we are very sorry that we have been advised in the negative." The statement ended in the sentence "We advise those engaged in saucer work to please be very cautious."

These announcements were of little significance in themselves. What gained them wider attention was the fact that immediately after publishing this October 1953 issue, Bender suspended further publication of the magazine and closed the IFSB down without any further explanation.

Bender might have known "what the flying saucers" were, but he later revealed in a local newspaper interview that he was keeping his knowledge a secret following a visit by three men who apparently confirmed he was right about his UFO theory, but put him in sufficient fear to immediately close down his organisation and cease publication of the journal. It has been argued that the story of being visited by three strangers and being ‘warned off’ was a front to close a publication that was losing money, however the fact that Bender had been "scared to death" and "actually couldn’t eat for a couple of days" was verified by his friends and associates.

However, in 1963, a full decade after his visit from the three strangers, Bender was seemingly prepared to reveal more of his story in a largely unreadable book entitled ‘Flying Saucers and the Three Men in Black.’ The book was scant on facts however intriguingly described extraterrestrial spacecraft that had bases in Antarctica. This was apparently the truth Bender was terrorised into not revealing. Bender also provided images of the saucers he was aware of. Yet again we see a drawing of his UFO with the three bubbles underneath, reminiscent of the Haunebu II alongside a cigar shaped object, of which more later.

Ernst Zundel, a German scientist turned author who had entered the US under Operation Paperclip at the end of the war and who worked at Wright Field (later Wright Patterson AFB where the alleged Roswell debris was housed), also made claims about the nature of the activity in Antartica.

In the 1970s Zundel wrote a book ‘UFOs: Nazi Secret Weapons?’ in which he claimed that UFOs were secret Nazi weapons developed during the Second World War, and some of them had been shipped out towards the end of the war and hidden at the poles. Publication of the book coincided with a tidal wave of renewed interest in all things spiritual, and Zundel was invited on to countless talk shows to share his views on spaceships, free energies, electromagnetism, emergent technologies and some of the positive contributions made by the Germans under the Third Reich in these fields (26).

Zundel was actually only really interested in promoting his holocaust theory, described in his book ‘Did Six Million Really Die?’ however found that his Nazi and ‘Hollow Earth’ ideas proved a greater attraction to television producers. Zundel explains: "I realised that North Americans were not interested in being educated. They want to be entertained. The book was for fun. With a picture of the Fuhrer on the cover and flying saucers coming out of Antarctica it was a chance to get on radio and TV talk shows. For about 15 minutes of an hour program I’d talk about that esoteric stuff. Then I would start talking about all those Jewish scientists in concentration camps, working on these secret weapons. And that was my chance to talk about what I wanted to talk about." (27)

The idea however, gripped the popular imagination and took on a life of its own. Zundel’s publishing company, ‘Samisdat’, started to make a name for itself by issuing newsletters and books on the subject. An expedition to Antarctica itself was even proposed to seek out ‘Hitler’s UFO bases’ there. (See advert, above.)

Yet such claims would have died out had they not been based on at least some real events. That something strange was happening around the foreboding continent took an interesting turn in the 1960s when the Argentine Navy was charged with the official investigation into strange sightings in the sky. A 1965 official report prepared by Captain Sanchez Moreno of the Naval Air Station Comandante Espora in Bahia Blanca stated:

"Between 1950 and 1965, personnel of Argentina’s Navy alone made 22 sightings of unidentified flying objects that were not airplanes, satellites, weather balloons or any type of known (aerial) vehicles. These 22 cases served as precedents for intensifying that investigation of the subject by the Navy (20)." Following a series of sightings at Argentine and Chilean meteorological stations on Deception Island, Antarctica, in June and July 1965, Captain Engineer Omar Pagani disclosed at a press conference that "the unidentified flying objects do exist. Their presence in Argentine airspace is proven. Their nature and origin are unknown and no judgement is made about them." (21)

More details of these UFO sightings were given in a report in the Brazilian newspaper ‘O Estado de Sao Paulo’ in its 8th July 1965 edition. "For the first time in history, an official communiqué has been published by a government about the flying saucers. It is a document from the Argentine Navy, based on the statements of a large number of Argentine, Chilean and British sailors stationed in the naval base in Antarctica.

The communiqué declared that the personnel of Deception Island (left) naval base saw, at nineteen hours forty minutes on 3 July, a flying object of lenticular shape, with a solid appearance and a colouring in which red and green prevailed and, for a few moments, yellow. The machine was flying in a zig-zag fashion, and in a generally western direction, but it changed course several times and changed speed, having an inclination of about forty-five degrees above the horizon. The craft also remained stationary for about twenty minutes at a height of approximately 5,000 meters, producing no sound.

The communiqué states moreover that the prevailing meteorological conditions when the phenomenon was observed can be considered excellent for the region in question and the time of year. The sky was clear and quite a lot of stars were visible.

The Secretariat of the Argentine Navy also states in its communiqué that the occurrence was witnessed by scientists of the three naval bases and that the facts described by these people agree completely." (22)

In March 1950 Commodore Augusto Vars Orrego of the Chilean Navy shot still pictures and 8mm movie footage of a very large cigar shaped flying object that hovered over and manoeuvred about in the frigid skies above the Chilean Antarctic. Orrego stated "during the bright Antarctic night, we saw flying saucers, one above the other, turning at tremendous speeds. We have photographs to prove what we saw (23)." There have been other Chilean sightings.

Then during January 1956 an event was witnessed by a group of Chilean scientists who had been flown by helicopter to Robertson Island in the Wendell Sea to study geology, fauna and other features. This experience was the subject of a later article entitled ‘A Cigar-Shaped UFO over Antarctica.’ "At the beginning of January 1956, during a period of stormy weather, the party suddenly became aware of something which, in other circumstances, could have been very grave for them. This was that their radio had mysteriously ceased to function. This was not too worrying a disaster in so much as it was firmly settled that the helicopter would return to take them off again on January 20."

One of the scientists, a doctor, was in the habit of getting up in the night to observe anything of meteorological interest, but another of the group, a professor, did not like to be disturbed. However on the night of 8th January 1956, the Doctor decided to wake the professor. He "pointed upwards, almost overhead. Still in a bad temper through being disturbed, [the professor] looked as directed, and beheld two ‘metallic’ cigar-shaped objects in verticular positions, perfectly still and silent, and flashing vividly the reflected rays of the sun."

Soon after 7.00am, two other members of the party, an assistant and a medical orderly joined the two men. The group watched the two craft. "At about 9.00am object No. 1 (the nearest to the zenith) suddenly assumed a horizontal posture and shot away like a flash towards the west. It had now lost its metallic brightness and had taken on the whole gamut of visible colours of the spectrum, from infrared to ultra-violet.

"Without slowing down it performed an incredible acute-angle change of direction, shot off across another section of the sky and then did another sharp turn as before. These vertiginous manoeuvres, the zig-zagging, abrupt stopping, instantaneous accelerating, went on for some time right overhead, the object always following tangential trajectories in respect to the Earth and all in the most absolute silence.

"The demonstration lasted about five minutes. Then the object returned and took up position beside its companion in almost the same area of the sky as before, but now it was the turn of No. 2 to show its paces and do a weird zigzagging dance. Shooting off towards the east, it performed a series of ten dispointed bursts of flight, broken by brusque changes of direction, and marked by the same colour changes when accelerating or stopping, and so on. After about three minutes of this, object No. 2 returned and took up its station near its companion, and reassumed its original solid and metallic appearance.

"The scientists had with them two Geiger-Miller counters of high sensitivity, one of the auditory and the other of the flash-type. When the two objects had finished their dance and reassumed their stations in the sky, someone discovered that the flash-type Geiger counter now showed that radioactivity around them had suddenly increased 40 times – enough to kill any organism subjected long enough to it. The discovery greatly increased the anxiety felt by the four men …

"Although they had no telescopic lens, they did however have cameras with them, and they took numerous photographs of the objects, both in colour and black and white. We are not told in the report what became of these photographs." (24).

Five years later there was another documented account of a UFO sighting over Antarctica by Rubens Junqueira Villela, a meteorologist and the first Brazilian scientist to participate in an expedition to the white continent, now a veteran of eleven expeditions to Antarctica (two with the US Navy, eight with the Brazilian Antarctic Programme and another on the sailing ship Rapa Nui). Whilst on board the US Navy icebreaker Glacier (below) which had set sail from New Zealand at the end of January 1961, Villela claims that he witnessed a UFO event in the skies over Antarctica which he immediately recorded in his diary, even including the emotions felt by all those involved. During 16th March 1961 and after a fierce storm had forced the expedition to retreat to Admiralty Bay in the King George Isles, "a strange light suddenly crossed the sky, and everyone started to shout.

"‘It’s a missile!’ said one excited Marine. ‘No, it’s a meteor,’ barked another member of the crew. The excitement was wide-spread and growing. Trying to describe the light which appeared over Almirantado Bay wasn’t easy … I wrote in my diary: ‘Positively the colours, the configuration and contours of the object, as a bodied [sic] light, with geometric forms, did not seem to be from this world, and I did not know what could possibly reproduce it."

"The object was multi-coloured and had a luminous body –oval-shaped. It left a long tube-like orange/red trail. Suddenly, it split into two pieces, as if it had exploded. Each part shone even more intensively, with white, blue and red colours projecting ‘V’ shaped rays behind it. Quite quickly they moved away and could be seen 200 meters above the ground … Throughout the sighting no noise was heard by any of the witnesses."

"The US Navy officially registered the incident as "a meteor or some other natural luminous phenomenon" according to the report submitted by the Glacier’s captain, Captain Porter.

As a trained meteorologist, Villela easily dismissed the official line. "How could they mistake a meteor with an object carrying antennae, completely symmetrical and followed by a tail without any sight of atmospheric disturbance?" (25)

"The renowned sceptic and self-styled debunker, Phillip Klaus, believes this episode is a classic example of ‘plasma’, however the late meteorologist, James McDonald argued that the highly structured nature of the object and the low cloud overcast present at about 1500 feet were not compatible with Klass’s hypothesis.

The South Atlantic area was also host to another sighting on 16th January 1958 when the Brazilian naval vessel Almirante Salddanha was escorting a team of scientists to a weather station on Trindade Island. As the ship approach the island (or rather an outcrop of rock) a UFO reportedly swooped past the ship, circled the island, then flew off in front of dozens of witnesses.

One of these witnesses, the expedition photographer, took a number of photographs of the object, and later the film was handed over to the military by the Captain. After analysis, the Brazilian government released the film stating that they were unable to account for the images.

posted 04-23-2001 04:14 PM            

To better understand what has been posted above and what will be summarised here, you really would HAVE NEEDED TO catch various news factoids as they have surfaced over the years regarding the NSA, CIA, and the Antartic region. These don't last long. They go away VERY quickly.

You also have to remember is that there are literally thousands of service men and women who were around back in the day (46-80) who were part of the process of building, shipping, telecom, and other requirements necessary to maintain, build-up, and staff those areas of super-secrecy in the Antartic. Most of them have had memory wipes, much like erasing a hard drive and replacing it with new data. Many below the rank of bird-colonel have no conscious memory of their work there. Nor will they be able to recall it, unless present time starts conflicting with past time in their consciusness, forcing them to seek professional help...sound familiar?

OPERATION PAPERCLIP

After WWII ended in 1945, victorious Russian and American intelligence
teams
began a treasure hunt throughout occupied Germany for military and
scientific booty. They were looking for things like new rocket and
aircraft
designs, medicines, and electronics. But they were also hunting down the
most precious "spoils" of all: the scientists whose work had nearly won
the
war for Germany. The engineers and intelligence officers of the Nazi War
Machine.

The U.S. Military rounded up Nazi scientists and brought them to America.
It
had originally intended merely to debrief them and send them back to
Germany. But when it realized the extent of the scientists knowledge and
expertise, the War Department decided it would be a waste to send the
scientists home. Following the discovery of flying discs (foo fighters),
particle/laser beam weaponry in German military bases, the War Department
decided that NASA and the CIA must control this technology, and the Nazi
engineers that had worked on this technology.

There was only one problem: it was illegal. U.S. law explicitly prohibited
Nazi officials from immigrating to America--and as many as three-quarters
of
the scientists in question had been committed Nazis.

Data-Points:

Convinced that German scientists could help America's postwar efforts,
President Harry Truman agreed in September 1946 to authorize "Project
Paperclip," a program to bring selected German scientists to work on
America's behalf during the "Cold War"
However, Truman expressly excluded anyone found "to have been a member
of the Nazi party and more than a nominal participant in its activities,
or an active supporter of Naziism or militarism."
The War Department's Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA)
conducted background investigations of the scientists. In February 1947,
JIOA Director Bosquet Wev submitted the first set of scientists'
dossiers to the State and Justice Departments for review.
The Dossiers were damning. Samauel Klaus, the State Departments
representative on the JIOA board, claimed that all the scientists in
this first batch were "ardent Nazis." Their visa requests were denied.
Wev was furious. He wrote a memo warning that "the best interests of the
United States have been subjugated to the efforts expended in 'beating a
dead Nazi horse.'" He also declared that the return of these scientists
to Germany, where they could be exploited by America's enemies,
presented a "far greater security threat to this country than any former
Nazi affiliations which they may have had or even any Nazi sympathies
that they may still have."
When the JIOA formed to investigate the backgrounds and form dossiers on
the Nazis, the Nazi Intelligence leader Reinhard Gehlen met with the CIA
director Allen Dulles. Dulles and Gehlen hit it off immediatly. Gehlen
was a master spy for the Nazis and had infiltrated Russia with his vast
Nazi Intelligence network. Dulles promised Gehlen that his Intelligence
unit was safe in the CIA.
Apparently, Wev decided to sidestep the problem. Dulles had the
scientists dossier's re-written to eliminate incriminating evidence. As
promised, Allen Dulles delivered the Nazi Intelligence unit to the CIA,
which later opened many umbrella projects stemming from Nazi mad
research. (MK-ULTRA / ARTICHOKE, OPERATION MIDNIGHT CLIMAX)
Military Intelligence "cleansed" the files of Nazi references. By 1955,
more than 760 German scientists had been granted citizenship in the U.S.
and given prominent positions in the American scientific community. Many
had been longtime members of the Nazi party and the Gestapo, had
conducted experiments on humans at concentration camps, had used slave
labor, and had committed other war crimes.
In a 1985 expose in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Linda Hunt
wrote that she had examined more than 130 reports on Project Paperclip
subjects--and every one "had been changed to eliminate the security
threat classification."
President Truman, who had explicitly ordered no committed Nazis to be
admitted under Project Paperclip, was evidently never aware that his
directive had been violated. State Department archives and the memoirs
of officials from that era confirm this. In fact, according to Clare
Lasby's book Operation Paperclip, project officials "covered their
designs with such secrecy that it bedeviled their own President; at
Potsdam he denied their activities and undoubtedly enhanced Russian
suspicion and distrust," quite possibly fueling the Cold War even
further.
A good example of how these dossiers were changed is the case of Wernher
von Braun. A September 18, 1947, report on the German rocket scientist
stated, "Subject is regarded as a potential security threat by the
Military Governor."
The following February, a new security evaluation of Von Braun said, "No
derogatory information is available on the subject...It is the opinion
of the Military Governor that he may not constitute a security threat to
the United States."
Here are a few of the 700 suspicious characters who were allowed to
immigrate through Project Paperclip.
ARTHUR RUDOLPH;
During the war, Rudolph was operations director of the Mittelwerk factory
at
the Dora-Nordhausen concentration camps, where 20,000 workers died from
beatings, hangings, and starvation. Rudolph had been a member of the Nazi
party since 1931; a 1945 military file on him said simply: "100% Nazi,
dangerous type, security threat..!! Suggest internment."

But the JIOA's final dossier on him said there was "nothing in his records
indicating that he was a war criminal or and ardent Nazi or otherwise
objectionable." Rudolph became a US citizen and later designed the Saturn
5
rocket used in the Apollo moon landings. In 1984, when his war record was
finally investigated, he fled to West Germany.

WERNHER VON BRAUN;
From 1937 to 1945, von Braun was the technical director of the Peenemunde
rocket research center, where the V-2 rocket --which devastated
England--was
developed. As noted previously, his dossier was rewritten so he didn't
appear to have been an enthusiastic Nazi.
Von Braun worked on guided missiles for the U.S. Army and was later
director
of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. He became a celebrity in the 1950s
and early 1960s, as one of Walt Disney's experts on the "World of
Tomorrow."
In 1970, he became NASA's associate administrator.

KURT BLOME;
A high-ranking Nazi scientist, Blome told U.S. military interrogators in
1945 that he had been ordered 1943 to experiment with plague vaccines on
concentration camp prisoners. He was tried at Nuremberg in 1947 on charges
of practicing euthanasia (extermination of sick prisoners), and conducting
experiments on humans. Although acquitted, his earlier admissions were
well
known, and it was generally accepted that he had indeed participated in
the
gruesome experiments.
Two months after his Nuremberg acquittal, Blome was interviewed at Camp
David, Maryland, about biological warfare. In 1951, he was hired by the
U.S.
Army Chemical Corps to work on chemical warfare. His file neglected to
mention Nuremberg.

MAJOR GENERAL WALTER SCHREIBER;
According to Linda Hunt's article, the US military tribunal at Nuremberg
heard evidence that "Schreiber had assigned doctors to experiment on
concentration camp prisoners and had made funds available for such
experimentation." The assistant prosecutor said the evidence would have
convicted Schreiber if the Soviets, who held him from 1945 to 1948, had
made
him available for trial.
Again, Schreiber's Paperclip file made no mention of this evidence; the
project found work for him at the Air Force School of Medicine at Randolph
Field in Texas. When columnist Drew Pearson publicized the Nuremberg
evidence in 1952, the negative publicity led the JIOA, says Hunt, to
arrange
"a visa and a job for Schreiber in Argentina, where his daughter was
living." On May 22, 1952, he was flown to Buenos Aires.

HERMANN BECKER-FREYSING and SIEGFRIED RUFF;
These two, along with Blome, were among the 23 defendants in the Nuremberg
War Trials "Medical Case." Becker-Freysing was convicted and sentenced to
20
years in prison for conducting experiments on Dachau inmates, such as
starving them, then force-feeding them seawater that had been chemically
altered to make it drinkable. Ruff was acquitted (in a close decision) on
charges that he had killed as many as 80 Dachau inmates in a low-pressure
chamber designed to simulate altitudes in excess of 60,000 feet. Before
their trial, Becker-Freysing and Ruff were paid by the Army Air Force to
write reports about their grotesque experiments.

GENERAL REINHARD GEHLEN;
It was five years after the end of WW2 but one of Hitler's chief
intelligence officers was still on the job. From a walled-in compound in
Bavaria, General Reinhard Gehlen oversaw a vast network of intelligence
agents spying on Russia. His top aides were Nazi zealots who had committed
some of the most notorious crimes of the war. Gehlen and his SS united
were
hired, and swiftly became agents of the CIA when they revealed their
massive
records on the Soviet Union to the US.

Gehlen derived much of his information from his role in one of the most
terrible atrocities of the war: the torture, interrogation and murder by
starvation of some four million Soviet prisoners. Prisoners who refused to
cooperate were often tortured or summarily executed. May were executed
even
after they had given information, while others were simply left to starve
to
death. As a result, Gehlend and members of his organization maneuvered to
make sure they were captured by advancing American troops rather than
Russians, who would have executed them immediately.
Two months before Germany surrendered in 1945, the Gehlen organization
made
its move. "Gehlen and a small group of his most senior officers carefully
microfilmed the vast holding on the USSR in the military section of the
German army's general staff. They packed the film in watertight steel
drums
and secretly buried it in a remote mountain meadow scattered throughout
the
Austrian Alps.
General William Donovan and Allen Dulles of the CIA were tipped off about
Gehlen's surrender and his offer of Russian intelligence in exchange for a
job. The CIA was soon jockeying with military intelligence for authority
over Gehlen's microfilmed records--and control of the German spymaster.
Dulles arranged for a private intelligence facility in West Germany to be
established, and named it the Geheln Organization. Gehlen promised not to
hire any former SS, SD, or Gestapo members; he hired them anyway, and the
CIA did not stop him. Two of Gehlen's early recruits were Emil Augsburg
and
Dr. Franz Six, who had been part of mobile killing squads, which killed
Jews, intellectuals, and Soviet partisans wherever they found them. Other
early recruits included Willi Krichbaum, senior Gestapo leader for
southeastern Europe, and the Gestapo chiefs of Paris and Kiel, Germany.

With the encourgement of the CIA, Gehlen Org (Licio Gelli) set up "rat
lines" to get Nazi war criminals out of Europe so they wouldn't be
prosecuted. By setting up transit camps and issuing phony passports, the
Gehlen Org helped more than 5,000 Nazis leave Europe and relocate around
the
world, especially in South and Central America. There, mass murderers like
Klaus Barbie (the butcher of Lyons) helped governments set up death squads
in Chile, Argentina, El Salvador, and elsewhere.

KLAUS BARBIE;
Known as the Nazi butcher of Lyons, France during World War 2, Barbie was
part of the SS which was responsible for the and death of thousands of
French people under the Germany occupation.

HEINRICH RUPP;
Some of Rupp's best work was done for the CIA, after he was imported in
Operation Paperclip. Rupp has been convicted of bank fraud. He was an
operative for the CIA and is deeply involved in the Savings and Loan
scandals. A federal jury has indicated they believe testimony that Rupp,
the
late CIA Director William Casey - then Reagan's campaign manager, and
Donald
Gregg, now U.S. Ambassador to South Korea, flew with George Bush to Paris
in
1980, during the election in which Bush was on the ticket with Ronald
Reagan. The testimony states that three meetings were held on October 19
and
20 at the Hotel Florida and Hotel Crillion. The subject? According to the
court testimony, the meetings were to sabotage President Jimmy Carter's
reelection campaign by delaying the release of American hostages in Iran.
The hostages were released on January 20, 1981, right after Reagan and
Bush
were sworn into office. Iran was promised return of its frozen assets in
the
United States and the foundation for the Iran- Contra deal was set into
motion.

LICIO GELLI;
Head of a 2400 member secret Masonic Lodge, P2, a neo-fascist
organization,
in Italy that catered to only the elite, Gelli had high connections in the
Vatican, even though he was not a Catholic. P2's membership is totally
secret and not even available to its Mother Lodge in England. Gelli was
responsible for providing Argentina with the Exocet missile. He was a
double
agent for the CIA and the KGB. He assisted many former Nazi high officials
in their escape from Europe to Central America. He had close ties with the
Italian Mafia. Gelli was a close associate of Benito Mussolini. He was
also
closely affiliated with Roberto Calvi, head of the scandal-ridden Vatican
Bank. Calvi was murdered. Gelli's secret lodge consisted of extremely
important people, including armed forces commanders, secret service
chiefs,
head of Italy's financial police, 30 generals, eight admirals, newspaper
editors, television and top business executives and key bankers -
including
Calvi. Licio Gelli and others in P2 were behind the assassination of Pope
John Paul 1.
The central figure in Europe and South America that linked the CIA,
Masonic
Lodge, Vatican, ex-Nazis and several South American governments, the
Italian
government and several international banks was Licio Gelli. He, with Klaus
Barbie and Heinrich Rupp, met with Ronald R. Rewald in Uruguay to arrange
for the Argentine purchase of the French-made Exocet missile, used in the
Falkland Island attack to kill British soldiers.

Who is Gelli and why was he so important?

To understand Gelli, one must understand the complex post war years of
Europe. The biggest threat to Europe in pre-war times was Communism - it
was
the great fear of Communism that gave birth to the Fascists and the Nazis.
Though both sides were dreaded, the Fascists represented right-wing
government, while the Communist represent left-wing government. It was the
right-wing that the United States and the Catholic Church desired over
Communism - because Communism would destroy the capitalistic system. This
is
why the CIA and the Vatican had go through with Operation Paperclip. The
Nazis had massive amounts of Soviet intelligence, had infiltrated
Communist
partisans, and were in no way going to be given up to the Soviet Union.

Gelli worked both sides. He helped to found the Red Brigade, spied on
Communist partisans and worked for the Nazis at the same time, a double
agent. He helped establish the Rat Line, which assisted the flight of high
ranking Nazi officials from Europe to South America, with passports
supplied
by the Vatican and with the full acknowledgment and blessing of the United
States intelligence community. While on one hand, the U.S. participated in
the war crime tribunals of key Nazi officials and maintained an alliance
with the Communist Soviet Union, secretly, the U.S. was preparing for the
cold war and needed the help of Nazis in the eventual struggle the U.S.
would have with the Soviet Union. Gelli's agreement with U.S. intelligence
to spy on the Communists after the war was instrumental in saving his
life.
He was responsible for the murder and torture of hundreds of Yugoslavian
partisans.

The Vatican provided support to Nazis and Fascists because the Communists
were the real threat to the Church's survival. The Italian Communists
would
have taxed the Church's vast holdings and the Church has had a dismal
experience with Communist governments throughout the world - where
religious
freedom was stamped out.

Gelli was well connected with the Vatican from the days of the Rat Line
and
he worked for American intelligence, as well. Gelli formed the P-2 Masonic
Lodge-which did not follow the direction of any Grand Lodge-and it was
supplied with a sum of $10 million a month by the CIA. Its membership was
a
Who's Who in the intelligence, military and Italian community. So
prominent
was Gelli's influence, that he was even a guest of honor at the 1981
inauguration of President Ronald Reagan.

Gelli used blackmail in order to gain prominent members of his P-2 lodge,
its membership is estimated at 2400 members, including 300 of the most
powerful men in the Western World.. He was a close friend of Pope Paul VI,
Juan Peron of Argentina, Libyan Dictator Muammar el-Qaddafi, and many high
officials in the Italian and American governments - he is also reported to
have had some financial dealings with the George Bush for President
campaign.

Gelli and his P-2 lodge had staggering connections to banking,
intelligence
and diplomatic passports. The CIA poured hundreds of millions of dollars
into Italy in the form of secret subsidies for political parties, labor
unions and communications businesses. At the same time the Agency
continued
its relationship with far- right and violent elements as a back-up should
a
coup be needed to oust a possible Communist government. This covert
financing was exposed by the Prime Minister of Italy in a speech to
Parliament. He indicates that more than 600 people in Italy still remain
on
the payroll of the CIA. Licio Gelli was an ardent Nazi and a perfect asset
of the CIA. As part of Reinhard Gehlen's intelligence team, he had
excellent
contacts. Licio was the go between for the CIA and the Vatican through his
P2 Lodge.

Project Paperclip was stopped in 1957, when West Germany protested to the
U.S. that these efforts had stripped it of "scientific skills." There was
no
comment about supporting Nazis. Paperclip may have ended in 1957, but as
you
can see from Licio Gelli and his international dealings with the CIA in
Italy/P2, and Heinrich Rupp with his involvement in October Surprise, the
ramifications of Paperclip are world-wide. The Nazis became employed CIA
agents, engaging in clandestine work with the likes of George Bush, the
CIA,
Henry Kissinger, and the Masonic P2 lodge. This is but one of the results
of
Operation Paperclip. Another umbrella project that was spawned from
Paperclip was MK-ULTRA.

A secret laboratory was established and funded by CIA director, Allen
Dulles
in Montreal, Canada at McGill University in the Allen Memorial Institute
headed by psychiatrist Dr. Ewen Cameron. For the next several years Dr.
Ewen
Cameron waged his private war in Canada. What is ironic about Dr. Cameron
is
that he served as a member of the Nuremberg tribunal who heard the cases
against the Nazi doctors.

When it was at its height in drug experiments, operation MK-ULTRA was
formed. This was the brainchild of Richard Helms who later came to be a
CIA
director. It was designed to defeat the "enemy" in its brain-washing
techniques. MK-ULTRA had another arm involved in Chemical and Biological
Warfare (CBW) known as MK-DELTA. The "doctors" who participated in these
experiments used some of the same techniques as the Nazi "doctors".
Techniques used by Dr. Cameron and previous Nazi scientists include
electro
shock, sleep deprivation, memory implantation, memory erasure, sensory
modification, psychoactive drug experiments, and many more cruel
practices.

Project Paperclip brought us MK-ULTRA. Paperclip ultimately brought in key
players involved in the Assassination of Pope 1, October Surprise
(sabotage
of Carter's peace talks), and a great many other things still classified
to
this day. The results of Project Paperclip were devastating, and very far
reaching. I guess that is what you would expect from collaborating with
Nazis.

This research shows that the OSS/CIA that was formed in the National
Security Act, the same agency that employed hundreds of Nazis, has been in
alliance with the Vatican through various Agency connections such as Licio
Gelli. The CIA/Vatican alliance that Assassinated Pope John Paul 1, JFK,
and
hundreds of dictators of 3rd world countries is the Illuminati.

The Bavarian Illuminati has been around for centuries in one way or
another.
It's presence in the 20th century is the direct result of the Nazis. The
Nazi connections to the occult and the Bavarian Thule Society were
parallel
to the American members of 33rd degree Freemasonry. When the Operation
Paperclip was successfully executed, the Nazi element of the Bavarian
Thule
society was fused with the American members of Freemasonry to create the
Illuminati.
Operation Paperclip, MK-ULTRA, October Surprise, and George Bush are all
facets of the Illuminati, a group whose ideals are rooted in the occult,
and
dedicated to world domination.
Soon after the American Revolution, John Robinson, a professor of rural
philosophy at Edinburgh University in Scotland and member of a Freemason
lodge, said that he was asked to join the Illuminati. After studying the
group, he concluded that the purposes of the Illuminati were not
compatible
with his beliefs.
In 1798, he published a book called "Proofs Of A Conspiracy," which
states:

"An association has been formed for the express purpose of rooting out
all the religious establishments and overturning all the existing
governments.... The leaders would rule the World with uncontrollable
power, while all the rest would be employed as tools of the ambition of
their unknown superiors."
The CIA and the Vatican have rooted out all the religious establishments
in
the world. The CIA has overthrown and set up dictators under their control
all over the world. The CIA and the Vatican have fulfilled the purpose of
the Illuminati. The CIA and the Vatican _are_ the Illuminati.

Dossier compiled by Agent Orange

bibliography:
1. It's a Conspiracy! Michael Litchfield, Earthworks Press
2. Operation Paperclip, Clare Lasby, Athenaeum 1975
3. U.S. Cover-up of Nazi Scientists, Linda Hunt, Bulletin of Atomic
Scientists
4. Acid Dreams, Martin Lee and Bruce Schlain, Grove Press
5. Journey Into Madness, Gordon Thomas, Bantam Books
6. Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman, Merle Miller, New
York
7. Kiss the Boys Goodbye, by Monika Jensen-Stevenson and William
Stevenson.
8. Inside Job - The Looting of America's S&L, by Stephen Pizzo, Mary
Fricker
9. In God's Name, An Investigation into the Murder of Pope John Paul I, by
David A. Yallop.
10. The Crimes of Patriots - A True Tale of Dope. Dirty Money, and the CIA
by Jonathan Kwitny.
11. Mengele - The Complete Story, by Gerald L. Posner and John Ware.
12. Blowback, America's Recruitment of Nazis and its Effects on the Cold
War, by Christopher Simpson.
13. Jury Says Story of Reagan-Bush Campaign Deal With Iran Is True, San
Francisco Chronicle May 5, 1990.
14. Hawaii Scheme Cost Napans $500.000, Napa Register October 3, 1983.
15. The Vatican Connection by Richard Hammer
16. The Great Heroin Coup, Drug's, Intelligence & International Fascism by
Henrik Kruger
17. The Nazi Legacy by Magnus Linklater, Isabel Hilton, Neal Ascherson
18. The P-2 Time Bomb Goes Off, May 1984 The Economist

posted 04-23-2001 04:29 PM            

(btw, i purposely misspelled some names in the poem - something I got from MS, which I still think is cool)

1. Hitler orders Gehlen, Canaris, and others to find the Aryan Masters, who through Vril and Thule rituals, informs the hierarchy of the 3rd reich that it is living near a warm water lake in ANTARTICA. 37 U-boats, and most of the naval power then available are sent with top brass to make a meeting with the masters there. They meet with an adept who demonstrates for them how to contact not only the Luciferic powers here on Earth, but in a remote constellation. They are informed that Mars is the way station of these entities known as GREYS, who will then provide them with the technology they need to take over the world.
2. An enourmous amount of traffic is observed by MI6 and the OSS between the Antartic and Germany. Double-agents report that flying saucers over Berlin, Pennemunde, and other German strongholds are now common place.
3. Reports from Himmler and Hitler, to the Astor and Rockeffeller families - through their conduit, the Dulles and Bush families who handle the monies between the American Bankers and the 3rd reich - are received enthusiastically. The Mazters approach all parties concerned and inform them to proceed with their war plans. That even though appearing to be oppossing sides, that this was in fact a MASTER DIALECTIC ON A GLOBAL scale. Hegellian dialectics, to be sure.
4. With Wall street money, Hitler begins - with Aryan Thule technology now being transmitted to his top mystics in the Occult branch of the SS, the Annherbe, to build up his war machines - radical new designs in tanks, machine guns, airfoils, buzz-bombs, V2, and come from Satanic Blood Rituals performed on Virgins and then released to design personnel. This technology is, by orders from the Mazters in Antartica and partof the PLAN, kept from Americans.
5. Hitler receives his orders and constructs from his Mazters. He is a morphine and Amphetamine addict, as are all of the heads of the Nazi Hierarchy (the 7 devils, Steiner warned about.)
6. The web of conspiracy includes the highest ranking members of the US military, Wall Street Banking families, old British and Rothchild families, and...the Vatican.
7. John D. "Rocky" and Nelson are given the real realities. So are many other American/Nazi families too numerous to list actually. That the war is a fake. It was only created to consolidate global power. Hitler knows his Germany is to take the fall. He IS ORDERED TO MAKE IT A RUIN AND TO HAVE IT FIGHT UNTIL THE LAST POSSIBLE MOMENT. Which historically then occurs. Germany is laid waste...ten years later.
8. You all know the outer, visible, side to the war...hell...it's all over the history channel. Who fought where and what happened and all that blather. But while all this was going on, and while German and American scientists were setting up research into the technologies, the very best and brightest - so tapped by the GREYS from Mars, were sent to Salt Lake CIty, UT, then from there to Antartica. Some 300,000 human beings were collected and sent off there, to the largest NEW COUNTRY EVER BUILT THAT NO ONE EVEN KNOWS EXISTS. Lessons learned by the scientists in germany were given over to the new country near Lake Vostok.
9. The war does what it does. Makes for a unified Europe, solidies America as a global power, and establishes the seat of future and global CONTROL, THE UNITED NATIONS. That's why you see all those old nazis like waldheim.
10. The masters are now public. AEG, ARCANE SCHOOL, LUCIS TRUST, MGNA, ROSICRUCIAN SOCIETY, THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, FREEMASONRY are now the new "religion." They are everywhere where real power can be found. EVERYWHERE. I was one of them.
11. The Japanese are courted during this time - 35-45 - because the Nazis are told that their DNA has mystical properties that are needed for genetic coding of the master race, NOW BEING BREEDED IN ANTARTICA.
12. The Japanese play their part. THE WHOLE WORLD MUST BE ENGULFED. They are charged with, through their RED DRAGON rituals that are EXACTLY THE SAME AS THE THULE RITUALS to lay waste to Asia. THey do. Quite well, in fact.
14. Mao is given his orders and is told to wait until the war is over to consolidate the ruined asia to be, once the war is over. Mao and the COllins families see each other regularly.
15. Enourmous war effort in the North Atlantic. History is full of it. BUT NOTHING IN THE SOUTH ATLANTIC - THE SHIPPING LANES ARE NOT EVEN WATCHED. Ask yourself why?
16. Many Generals are slowly being brought into the loop. Patton, Bradley, Smith, Forrestal, Byrd, slowly...very slowly. In the years following the war, non-players are TERMINATED, disguised as accidents or suicides.
17. War ends. Old Nazis, now that the Dulles and Bush families are IN COMPLETE CONTROL OVER THE ULTRA-SECRET INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES OF AMERICA, are brought out of the cold, as they were assured back in the 30s would happen once Germany had played its role. I have not left out Russian, as it too was, in order to avail the NATO countries of power and money, SETUP TO THE THE COLD WAR BAD GUY. They played along. And trillions of dollars went to "defense." Nothing could be further from the truth.
18. Defense was the lie. It is still the lie. The real reason was to divert monies into mind control and people control, for the entities on Mars and Cassiopia. The luciferic powers here were actually an ancient evil left here long ago to influence the direction of mankind, such as creating the catholic church.

more coming

posted 04-23-2001 05:45 PM            

Hey Deb...why don't you keep bumping up those hoofy/mouthy/global warming threads THAT ARE AGENCY LIMITED HANGOUTS.

posted 04-23-2001 06:57 PM            

HIGHJUMP

THULE SOCIETY

VRIL SOCIETY

This will help you understand how noted scientists like
JACK PARSONS of JPL fame
was a Thulist and a Golden Dawn Initiate.

Then ask yourself, "How big is JPL when considered to geopolitics, NASA, the NSA, and the USAF?

posted 04-23-2001 07:04 PM            

TECHNOLOGICAL ARYANS
In this recent inter-glacial warm period, the banished aryan E.T.'s inseminated the Chaldeans, Assyrians and the Sumerians by conquest with their hate,fear and avarice. So generation after generation of so called "Western man" has kept going West, never treating the planet as if it was their home, never treating the different colored humans already here as family.
After the onslaught was concluded at the Western edge of Europe, historians politely called the aryans "Indo-Europeans".

Before the aryans arrived, societies would build monuments to harmony such as the pyramids, after the aryans arrived, humans have been kept busy building fortifications around their cities and armaments with which to kill each other.
There is still a pure strain of such "white-skinned" "aryan Earthlings" that have lived separate and have been staying here on Earth because "things have changed" and they can't leave. They have kept themselves very well here on Earth underground during cataclysm/catastrophe and above ground in the"garden" when conditions permitted. Biding their time and passing on the stories of having been "banned" here by the "lord", etc.
The aryans have not been wasting their "time". Periodically they will abduct good "specimen" females from the populations of the world, "breed" them, and "reinsert" their progeny as young adults into elite society where they can become leaders and genius breeding stock. When present civilization arrived in the industrial age, they sent emissaries to crossbreed with the industrial giants, and by infiltrating whatever echelon of production they chose, they insured having their own inventions and "spare parts" produced in secret. By using compartmentalization and a "nation state" like America, that is willing to do their bidding in return for certain industrial processes, biological processes and inventions, the aryans have guaranteed their continued survival under and above ground for eons.
They have cut the "mother's" heart out, mining the ore, cut the "mother's" liver out, sucking out the oil. They waited for the time when "civilization" on Earth would get to the point technologically where they could coerce one of the societies into building interstellar craft in order to get back to where they were banished from and continue the disharmony.
The "electro-gravitational" propulsion systems of the craft belonging to the Earth bound aryans which we call "flying saucers" will not take these craft either to another star system or in reality any further than about 50,000 miles from the planetary mass. At 50,000 miles they are powerless and have to "drift" back into the gravitational field to get propulsion systems working again.

posted 04-23-2001 09:25 PM            

Delphi: I can assure you, that by the time this thread is topped off, you will have gained more secret knowledge about reality than TPTS want or will allow you to have. The information you are just now getting has come at great cost. There are many, many "holes in the desert" from people talking about Antartica.